ارزیابی توابع کاهش جذب آب در شرایط تنش همزمان شوری و خشکی در گیاه چمن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 دانشیار،گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 دانشیار،گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

قسمت چشم­گیری از ایران را مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک دربرگرفته و این مناطق معمولاً با خشکی و شوری مواجه هستند. از سوی دیگر بهره­وری آب در این مناطق نیز معمولاً پایین می­باشد. مدل­های ریاضی که رابطه ی متغیرهای مزرعه­ای (مانند رطوبت خاک در دسترس) را با مقدارتعرق گیاه شبیه­سازی می­کنند، یکی از ابزارهای مفید مدیریتی می­باشند. در زمینه چگونگی پاسخ گیاهان به تنش همزمان شوری و خشکی و سهم هریک از آن­ها در کاهش جذب آب، مدل­های ریاضی متعددی وجود دارد. در این مطالعه شش تابع کاهش جذب آب ماکروسکوپی(Van Genuchten, 1987)(جمع­پذیر و ضرب پذیر)، (Dirksen and Augustijn, 1993)،(Van Dam et al, 1997)، (Homaee,1999)و (Skaggs et al, 2006)  با استفاده از داده­های گلخانه­ای چمن چچم(Lolium prenne)مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار سطح شوری (5/0، 5/5، 5/7 و 10 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و سه سطح خشکی(100، 75 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و سه تکرار به انجام رسید. نتایج نشان داد در شوری­های کم، واکنش چچم به تنش همزمان شوری و خشکی جمع پذیر است؛ در حالی­که در شوری­های بالاتر از 5/5دسی زیمنس بر متر، مدل­های ضرب پذیر برازش بهتری دارند. از میان مدل­های ضرب پذیر، مدل­­های  Skaggs et al، Homaee و Van Genuchten برازش بهتری نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Water Uptake Functions under Simultaneous Salinity and Water Stress Conditions in Turf Grass

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sodabeh Seifi 1
  • Amin Alizadeh 2
  • Kamran Davari 3
  • Mohammad Banayan aval 4
1 M.Sc Student of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Department, University of Mashhad., Mashhad., Iran
2 Professor of Irrigation, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Associate Professor, Irrigation and DrainageEngineering, Agriculture Faculty Ferdowsi University of Mashhad., Mashhad., Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Agriculture Faculty Ferdowsi University of Mashhad., Mashhad., Iran
چکیده [English]

A significant part of Iran lays in arid and semi-arid regions, that face with drought and salinity. In other hand, Water use efficiency under this condition is generally low. Mathematical models that simulate transpiration of plant as a function of soil moisture availability are useful tools for water productivity management.Various mathematical models have developed to estimate transpiration of plant reduction due to combined effect of drought and salinity stresses. This study compares six different macroscopic reduction functions; namely: Van Genuchten (additive and multiplicative, 1987), Dirksen & Augustijn (1993), Van Dam et al. (1997), Homaee (1999) and Skaggs et al. (2006). These models were evaluated against measured transpiration of turfgrass (Lolium prenne) in greenhouse environment for 12 treatments. The factorial experiment was performed based oncompletly randomized design with four levels of salinity (0.5, 5.5, 7.5 and 10 dS/m) and three levels of drought (water refills of 100, 75 and 50 %FC) and three replicates for each treatment. The results indicated that the crop response to water and salinity stresses is additive in low salinity level and is multiplicative at salinity level above 5.5 dS/m. Among used models, reduction functions of Skaggs et al, Homaee and Van Genuchtenshowed better agreement with the measured data.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • Lolium prenne
  • Water Uptake Model
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