New Sharp-Crest Weir with Purpose of Increasing Flow Rate Accurate and Decreasing Sediment in Irrigation Channels
saeed
salehi
PhD Student, Water Science and Engineering Department. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.Mashhad Iran
author
kazem
Esmaili
Associate Professor, Water Science and Engineering Department. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.Mashhad, Iran
author
Amir Hosein
Azimi
Associate Professor, University of lakehead ,Canada
author
text
article
2018
per
Rectangular weirs are used in irrigation system to measuring flow rate. One of the most important difficult in these weirs is sediment. Gathered sediment at the upstream weirs usually can change the hydraulic structures flow behind the weirs at the upstream. It can be caused to decreasing discharge coefficient and make sharp weir to board weirs. Recently some alternative proposed to solve this defect. Some solution focused to increasing turbulence intensity that it can cause to rising sediment transport at the upstream weirs. This study for obtaining this purpose, introduce new sharp-cosine weirs. In this research velocity components were calculated by using ADV device in grid plane (2cm*4cm). Turbulence intensity counted as Wilcox (1993) equation at the upstream plane weirs. Values turbulence intensity compared with rectangular weir. Result show by using this weir type sediment transport increased 47 percent versus rectangular weir. Also, the turbulence intensity in cosine weir with w/b=0.1 has maximum value. By embanking sediment at the upstream weirs invested effect of turbulence intensity on sediment transport, too. Finally, maximum depth of score hole occurred in cosine weir with w/b=0.1 and this matter indicated that places occurred maximum turbulence intensity predicted these occurred maximum depth of score hole. It emphasizes turbulence intensity has significant relative with sediment transport in sharp weirs.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1016
1028
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81773_cf257bc9d345dc0b51559fae36bf84a2.pdf
Effect of Mycorrhiza, Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Yield and Lawson Content of Henna as Medicinal Plant Under Water Deficit Condition
Ali Reza
Vahidi
Ph.D, Student, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Amin
Alizadeh
Professor Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Amin
baghizadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental
author
Hosein
Ansari
Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
In order to study the effect of biofertilizers, chemical fertilizers and water deficit stress on biological yield, lawson content and root colonization with mycorrhiza in henna[1] an experiment was conducted at research greenhouse of bam university in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons . The factors were fertilizers ( without any fertilizer ( ), Humic acid( ), application of Mycorrhizae and Vermicompost ( ), Vermicompost ( ) and Chemical fertilizer ( ) and Water deficit condition ( 100% W.R, 80% W.R and 60% W.R). The treatments were arranged as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with fifteen treatments and three replications. Results showed that the highest weight of dry leaf, No of leaf and biological yield were obtained with application of mycorrhizae and vermicompost treatment ( ). With increasing stress severity, the highest weight of dry leaf (0.153g), No of leaf (171), Plant Height (120.33 cm) were obtained with in and biological yield (5.21 g/plant) were obtained with application mycorrhizae and vermicompost treatment under 60% water requirement. The highest lawson content (69.6 mg) were obtained with in treatment.The highest root clonization (82.2%) were obtained in treatment. It seems that biofertilizers can consider as a replacement for chemical fertilizers in henna medicinal plant production.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1029
1040
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81774_24f6b7de62050629104f8bbfce7e39e1.pdf
Development of SWAT-LU Model for Simulation of Urmia Lake Water Level Decrease and Assessment of the Proposed Actions for its Restoration; (Role of Anthropogenic and Climatic Factors on Hydrological Change of the Basin and Lake)
Ashkan
Farokhnia
Academic Member, Department of Water Resources Research, Water Research Institute
author
Saeid
Morid
Prof. of Water Resources Engineering Dept., Tarbiat Modares University
author
Majid
Delavar
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University
author
Karim
Abbaspour
Associate Professor, Department Systems Analysis, Integrated Assessment and Modelling, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
author
text
article
2018
per
Recognition of the reasons for the rapid drying of Urmia Lake in the last decade and the quantitative effect of various factors on this process are the first steps in developing appropriate measures to improve its conditions, which have been less well-documented. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the quantitative effect of factors affecting the change of the lake water balance in two broad categories, including climate variability and human interference. For this purpose, the single and simultaneous elimination of changes in these components was analyzed using SWAT-LU model and the effect of every factor was determined by comparing the results with the actual condition. In summary, the results of these analyzes showed that during the 22-year period ending in 2009, the cumulative effect of climatic and human-induced changes in reducing the inflow into Urmia Lake was almost equal, but due to the intensification of climate variability in the second half of this period, the effect of climatic factors was dominant in the rapid negative trend of lake water level. Also, hydrologic sensitivity analysis of Urmia Lake watershed showed that a partial reduction in the amount of long-term rainfall would lead to a much higher decline in basin drainage, which would be far more effective than temperature changes. Therefore, the occurrence of weak climatic trends can lead to significant hydrological trends, which can explain the reasons for the hydrological droughts of recent decades in large parts of the country.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1041
1058
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81775_fcbb41254cab250bf1312030a746caae.pdf
Preparation of Spatial Distribution Maps of Soybean Water Requirement in Mazandaran
Mohammad Ismaeil
Kamali
Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Email: kamalipasha@yahoo.com
author
text
article
2018
per
Soybeans are usually grown in warm weather and water supply is necessary for them. Therefore, preparation of soybeans water requirement maps in Mazandaran province was aimed in the current study. The needed information including the characteristics of climate, crop and the study area was formed in GIS. Reference evapotranspiration was computed by using FAO Penman-Monteith method and climatic data from 51 weather stations. By determining crop coefficient curve in the different growth stages, the 10-day soybean water requirement was obtained. After conducting trend and anisotropy analysis, spatial autocorrelation of the data was determined by calculating experimental semivariograms and fitting semivariogram models. Data were interpolated by using different deterministic and geostatistic methods. Interpolations error were determined based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Root Mean Square Standardized Error (RMSSE) from cross validation technique. Maps showed that the highest soybean water requirement happened in August which was 4.45-5.26 mm/day. Total soybean water requirement was obtained 511 to 613 that was 511 to 560 mm for the western region, followed by 560 to 580 mm for the eastern coastal, 580 to 595 mm for the eastern central and 595 to 613 mm for the eastern south. Resuts had significant difference compared to studied stations in Reference Book and National Water Document.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1059
1072
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81776_45810ffe8a6a4bf35da55d2224544ff3.pdf
Prediction and determination of effective parameters of local energy loss in
culvert systems, using intelligent evolutionary Algorithm
kiumaer
Roushangar
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Ghazaleh
Nassaji Matin
M.sc student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
A culvert is a hydraulically short conduit which conveys stream flow through a roadway or embankment. Culverts are available in many different shapes and in spite of their simple structure, the process of designing requires accurate calculations and they are controlled by many variables. Accurate estimation of the energy loss in culverts plays an important role in optimum designing of culvert systems. In this paper, in order to simulate the local energy loss coefficient in culverts with various geometries (circular and rectangular), several models with different inputs were defined. The optioned results proved the capability of GEP in predicting local energy loss coefficient in culvert systems. Also it was found that in order to estimate the bend loss coefficient, model with input parameters of (Fr, θ) and to estimate the entrance loss coefficient, models with input parameters of (Fr, ) led to more accurate outcomes. Sensitivity analyses showed that θ and had the key role in estimating bend loss and entrance loss coefficient.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1073
1085
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81777_368137e3e0ade4950066a51efeb16f44.pdf
Optimal Design and Hydraulic Performance Improvement of Labyrinth Spillway using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Ahmad
Ferdowsi
M.Sc. Student of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
seyed Farhad
Mousavi
Professor, Department of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Saeed
Farzin
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
author
Hojat
Karami
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Mohammad
Karami
Ph.D. Student of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Mehdi
Valikhan Anaraki
M.Sc. Student of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
One of the appropriate procedures to increase discharge capacity of spillway in dams, particularly when increase of overflow width is not possible, is using labyrinth spillways. Due to the fact that a considerable portion of costs of dams is allocated for construction of spillways, the search for methods to optimize these structures becomes important. In the present research, the Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm has been used to find the best geometry of the trapezoidal labyrinth spillway. For this purpose, concrete volume of the spillway was considered as objective function. Aslo, the spillway design considered different hydraulic constraints. Optimal parameters of this algorithm were selected by performing sensitivity analysis. Then, CS was run randomly for 15 iterations. The coefficient of variation and convergence speed obtained from random runs for the proposed algorithm were equal to 0.00001 and 1000 iterations, respectively. Finally, minimum value of the objective function of the proposed algorithm was compared to the results obtained from spillway design and the results of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Differential Evolution (DE) proposed in the previous studies. It was found that the proposed spillway dimentions using CS resulted to 38.91% less concrete with respect to the real prototype. In the proposed model, other than reduction of the spillway concrete volume, the overflow discharge of the spillway was increased. On the other side, concrete volume reduction obtained by CS was 12% less than classic optimization algorithms (GA and DE). Considerable decrease (more than 1/3) in the volume of concrete in the proposed spillway indicates high ability of CS in solving the problems of optimizing spillways and the necessity of using it.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1086
1097
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81778_35c566523ca4403e3ad8b7d478e510de.pdf
Evaluation of Effect of the Submerged Vanes and Slot on Reduction of Local Scour Around Bridge
Mohsen
Mazloom
M.Sc. , Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Saeed Reza
Khodashenas
Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Kazem
Esmaili
Associate Professor , Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2018
per
The past research has shown that many methods have been used to reduce the scouring around piers. But the use of submerged vanes and slots has not been considered. In this research assemble of double submerged vanes with various lengths and angles attack on pier scouring reduction were carried out.. The submerged vanes were placed in four different positions (S1 to S4) relative to the pier head. The pier diameter was D=3 cm and the vanes length to the pier diameter ratio were: L/D= 0.33, 0.66 and 1. The angles of double vanes were 10,20,30,90 degrees corresponding to the flow direction. All tests were conducted on slot piers. The ration of width and height slots to pier diameter were 0.25 and 2 respectively. The results showed that using the slot pier can reduce the pier scouring about 21% , with submerged vanes with slotcan be more effective for reduction of pier scouring. S1 and S3 positions showed best results in reducing the maximum scour depth compared to other positions. The maximum reduction of scouring was 86% in the third position (S3) when the length of vanes were 2 cm , and angles of double vanes were 10, 30, degrees corresponding to the flow direction.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1097
1106
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81779_a18a4e588ad34cd2cc82ec9aa9028d2a.pdf
Hydrograph model representing aquifer with the model of the Madflow and meta model neural-fuzzy network simulator (case study)
mohammad reza
golabi
Ph.D. Student, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Water Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Massume
zeinali
Graduated Master of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
sohila
farzi
Graduated Master of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
feridon
radmanesh
Associate Professor of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Water Science, shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Decreasing atmospheric precipitation, limiting water resources and increasing drainage of groundwater has led to a reduction in the surface of the plain, and therefore an underground water map is an effective tool for managing and protecting these resources. In this study, the monthly statistical data of the surface of piezometers for 5 years water (89-88 to 93-92) related to the 8-pisometer level of the Lower-Andimeshk plain aquifer. At the beginning, using the Tesine method, the weighted average of each piezometer was obtained and the time series of the groundwater level of the plain, which represents the hydrograph of the representative water column of the study area, was calculated. Then, using the concept of groundwater of the Modflow and supermodel of the neuro-fuzzy simulator, the hydrograph represented the aquifer modeling and the results were compared. The results showed that the concept model of Modflow with a coefficient of explanation of 0.736 in the test phase compared to the neuro-fuzzy simulator model with a coefficient of explanation of 0.6348 has better performance.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1107
1119
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81780_e1383cb1e0ad994ae0f6cf2cf44ec329.pdf
Investigating of Cotton Yield under Irrigation with Urban Treated Wastewater (Case Study: Torbat-Heydarieh)
Yahya
Choopan
Water Engineering Department of Gorgan
author
Khalil
Ghorbani
Water Engineering Department of Gorgan
author
somayeh
emami
Water Engineering Department of Tabriz
author
text
article
2018
per
However, the limitations of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions can provide a reuse of treated wastewater and compensate for water scarcity in these areas, but it should be careful about its unhealthy and unproductive consumption, especially for irrigation of food plants such as vegetables. In order to investigate the effect of treated wastewater in Torbat Heidarieh urban wastewater treatment, a field experiment was conducted. The research was carried out in a completely randomized design with five irrigation water treatments and three replications. The treatments included well water (Control), treated wastewater, a volumetric composition of 50% of well water and 50% of treated wastewater, watering one among water and sewage, a volumetric composition of 33% of well water and 66% of treated wastewater (used by farmers in the area). Based on the results obtained from the mean square of traits, the effect of irrigation water type on cotton weight, kiel percent, seed index, number of boll, stem diameter and plant height was significant at 1% probability level. The results showed that the highest value for cotton weight, kiel percentage, seed index and number of bolls in T3 treatment with values of 11.9 g, 76.3%, 0.65 and 13.3, and the lowest for cotton seed weight parameters, Kilogram percent, seed index and number of bolls were obtained in control treatment with 9.99 g, 59.4%, 52.2 and 9.3, respectively.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1120
1128
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81781_edcd340bc6350b33b17ae555cd4c5292.pdf
Determination of Actual Evapotranspiration, Crop Coefficients and Water Use Efficiency of Garlic in Azarshahr Region
mohammad hossein
bayat
department of irrigation and drainage, faculty of agriculture, Tarbiat modares university, tehran, iran
author
seyed majid
mirlatifi
Associate Professor, Dept. of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
Hossein
Dehghanisanij
Associate Researcher, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
It is intended to optimize crop yields and economics of crop water use by irrigation. Implementing proper water use management by agricultural sector reduces water losses and increases distribution uniformity and crop yield. In order to improve water use management in agriculture, it is essential to determine crop water requirements of various crops with the required level of accuracy. The objective of this research was to determine garlic evapotranspiration, crop coefficients and water use efficiency in the Azarshahr region located in the eastern Azerbaijan province. The actual garlic evapotranspiration (ETa.o-s) was determined by the hydrological method, measuring the various components of water balance at the farm level including soil moisture at various soil depths and irrigation depths. The garlic actual seasonal evapotranspiration was 552 mm and its water use efficiency was 3.47 kg per cubic meter of evapotranspiration during the growing season. The garlic crop coefficients for the mid-season and late season stages were 1.37 and 0.57, respectively, when reference evapotranspiration was computed by the Penman-Monteith equation (FAO 56).
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1129
1139
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81782_b304e14db7fddfcd355c7e4bc801e355.pdf
Evaluation of aquifer performance affected by different climate scenarios
(Case study: Qaraosso basin)
Mehdi
Meftah Halaghi
Soil & Water Dep. university of Grgan natural resources & Agricultural science, gorgan,Iran;
author
Farzaneh
Farzaneh
semnan regional water authority
author
amirahmad
dehghani
Associate Professor of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
khalil
ghorbani
Associate Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2018
per
Today, considering the climate change on the planet and its impacts on water resources, management of groundwater aquifers as one of the most important sources of drinking water, agriculture and industry has a special role in water resources studies. Therefore, in order to investigate the effects of climate change on Ghareh-Sou aquifer located in Golestan province, the GMS7.1 software was used and quantitative simulation of aquifer in two steady and unsteady conditions was conducted. The results of model validation showed that the predicted and observed water levels had a good agreement and the average of root mean square error was 0.810. After ensuring the accuracy of the model, different scenarios were introduced. Based on the results of the scenarios, it was clear that the implementation of each scenario would cause a drawdown in the aquifer not only in the same month but several months later. For example, due to the large number of wells in the area, an increase in harvesting of 5 or 10 percent will have a major impact on groundwater level drawdown, and this decline is more noticeable in some places. The maximum observed drawdown due to an increase in the harvest was on July and equal to 1.66 meters in very small points of the aquifer, which is related to areas with high concentrations of harvesting wells (central and southern regions of the plain). The urban wastewater disposal has been determined that it lead to different maximum drawdown in different months over time. So, in October, this drawdown will be about 0.43 and in September to 1.99 meters and will result in a volume reduction of 0.6 to 0.7 cubic million meters per month, depending on monthly consumption. The scenario of river discharge reduction showed that the reduction in river discharge in a season will not only affect the season, but also the next season, and the decrease in river discharges in the winter will result in a much lower drawdown compared to the other seasons. So, in January, February and March, the maximum drawdown will be 1.27, 1.74 and 1.67 meters more near the Garmabdasht and Gharn-Abad rivers. An effective rainfall reduction scenario showed that a 20 percent decrease in effective rainfall during the winter season would lead to a further decline in the aquifer in the same and next seasons. This decrease in winter lead to the maximum decrease of 0.2 m in January, 0.97 m in February and 0.4 m in March, more in the southern aquifer and in the area of Shast-Kalateh, Naharkhoran and Pole-Ordougah stations which are in high altitudes.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1140
1153
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81783_36491e641732ebe88d0627062767a2f2.pdf
Feasibility of using conjunctive irrigation with seawater to irrigate coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Farasat
Sajadi
PhD student, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
author
MOUSA
HESAM
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
author
saber
jamali
PhD student, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Salinity is a limiting factor in agricultural production that inflicts great damages on agricultural products. In order to decrease or stop salinity stress, numerous methods are proposed by different researchers. One of the methods to reduce the damages of salinity stress is the conjunction use of fresh and seawater. The goal of this study was to investigation the effect of conjunctive irrigation with seawater and fresh water on yield and yield components of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in greenhouse condition. the research was done based on completely randomized design including 3 replications as pot planting in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2016. In this study, four irrigation regimes existed of (Irrigation with one-fourth of sea water with tap water, Irrigation with half seawater and then one more half with fresh water, Irrigation with three-fourth of sea water with tap water, Irrigation with tap water). The results inducted that the effect of different moderation of irrigation regimes on shoot fresh weight, plant height, branches number and chlorophylls were highly significant (P<0.01), but Leaf number per plant and shoot dry weights were significant at 5 percent levels (P<0.05). The highest amount of shoot fresh weight (10.3 gr), shoot dry weight (1.87 gr) and Leaf number (15) was measured at irrigation by tap water. The result showed that the one-fourth seawater and tap water irrigation regime compared to other regimes after control regimes had the highest of all of them properties. increased one-fourth of seawater has resulted to decreasing of shoot fresh and dry weight 53.9 and 61.0 percent, respectively.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1154
1163
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81784_2c2ec394f9d44d684b35d58bbdcba588.pdf
Assessing crop pattern and pressurized irrigation systems development scenarios on groundwater level in Mehran plain using system dynamics modeling
Abd ALrahim
Hooshmand
Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
author
Hamzeali
Alizadeh
Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Ilam University, Iran.
author
Zahra
Izadpanah
Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
author
Ebrahim
Darvishi
Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Mehran Plain has been accompanied by a drop in groundwater levels in recent decades.The aim of this effort was to study the level of groundwater in Mehran plain using the system dynamics method under different scenarios of crop pattern and pressurized irrigation systems development. the conceptual model was designed, dynamic hypotheses were explained and simulation was performed. After verifying the model, the research purpose was evaluated in terms of applying 12 scenarios consisting of three scenarios for crop pattern and four scenarios of pressurized irrigation systems development. Among the crop patterns scenarios, the replacement of canola instead of alfalfa in crop pattern showed the best result in groundwater level in Mehran Plain. Also, the results of this effort showed that the development pressurized irrigation systems in condition current efficiency not only does not improve the groundwater level, but also has a negative effect on the groundwater level of the plain.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1164
1173
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81785_d99f373b75035b13af7b4968c32d0bad.pdf
Assessment of SWAP model in estimating the salinity and soil moisture content (Case study: Birjand)
mohamad javad
nahvinia
Department of water sciences and engineering, Factuly of agriculture and natural resources, Arak university
author
Behnam
Moaveni
Department of water sciences and engineering, Factuly of agriculture and natural resources, Arak university
author
Ali
Shahidi
Water engineering Dept.
Faculty of Agriculture
University of Birjand
Birjand
Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
This study wasconducted to evaluate of the agro-hydrological model SWAP3.03 forsimulating soil moisture content and salinity undercultivation of Wheatvarieties in terms of different qualities andquantities of Irrigation waterduring 2005-2006 growing season in the Research Field of University Birjand.Irrigation water was supplied from three local wells with different qualities namely 1.4, 4.5 and 9.6 ds/m.The model was initially calibrated with respect to the soil layers hydraulic and solute transportation parametersbased on a studyconducted in the research field. The results of this study showed that the seasonal average of soil moisture content and salinity distributionwas more uniformin full irrigation and excess (125% ET) treatmentsin comparison to othertreatments.Maximum nonuniformityin soil moisturecontent and salinity was observed under water and salinity stress treatments. Deficit irrigation and saline treatments reduced the accuracy of model predictions in estimating of soilmoisture content and salinity for various growing stages. Best model predictions were related to full irrigation (R2 = 0.95 for salinity class S1, R2 = 0.94 for salinity class S2,R2 = 0.93 for salinity class S3 in estimating the soil moisture content and R2 = 0.77 for salinity class S1, R2 = 0.82 for salinity class S2,R2 = 0.91 for salinity class S3 in estimating the salinity)and 75%ET treatments(R2 = 0.85 for salinity class S1, R2 = 0.82 for salinity class S2,R2 = 0.78 for salinity class S3 in estimating the soil moisture content and R2 = 0.7 for salinity class S1, R2 = 0.73 for salinity class S2,R2 = 0.87 for salinity class S3 in estimating the salinity). The trend of changes in accuracy of the model to estimating the soil moisture content and salinity was decreased towards deeper layers (R2=0.89-0.72 for soil moisture content and R2=0.87-0.71 for salinity). Despite of soil moisture content and salinity in upper layers of soil,high correlation coefficients (R2= 0.89 and0.87, for soil moisture contentandsalinity,respectively)indicated that SWAP is a dependable model for simulation of soil moisture content andsalinity.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1174
1188
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81786_24d9d4676ff7fc4c2a87a58dad9480d7.pdf
Analysis of the Recent Hydrological Drought Effects on the Salinity in Karun River
safoora
shatti
chamran university of ahvaz
author
ali
akhondali
Professor, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
author
text
article
2018
per
Karun River is one of the largest and most watered rivers in Iran. In recent years, hydrological droughts, the development of agricultural land, the construction of fish ponds, industrial waste water are among the main factors in the quality of Karun water quality.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water quality of the Karun River during the period from 2001 to 2016 in Gotvand and Ahvaz Station. The Parameters studied in this study include EC and Q in the statistical period from 2001 to 2016. In this research, Mann- Kendall and Pettit tests were used to investigate the trend and determine the break point and the SDI index was used to calculate the hydrological drought. Hydrological drought is the main cause of 37% and 56% increase in the electrical conductivity of water at Gotvand and Ahwaz stations. The water with an electrical conductivity of 1152 at the Gotvand station, increases in Ahvaz to 2105. Most contamination of the Karun River occurs at the bottom of the Gotvand dam. Reducing the quality of karun water depens on factors such as agricultural drainage, shur river, fish farming area, industrial waste and urban waste.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1189
1202
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81787_46c258fcdbe408478c5cbdebe0e4e3d8.pdf
Numerical Simulation of Chromium Changes Trend in Aquifer of Birjand plain
Afsane
Farpoor
Department of Water enginearing, University of Birjand
author
Yousef
Ramezani
Department of Water Engineering, University of Birjand
author
Abolfazl
Akbarpour
Department of Engineering, University of Birjand
author
text
article
2018
per
Numerical quality and quantity simulation of groundwater, is an important tool for managing groundwater resources. According to the measurements taken from the density of chromium in drinking water wells of urban water in distribution network of Birjand, the chromium content is higher than permissible limit (Density of more than 0.05 mg/lit). Therefore, the purpose of this research is quantitative and qualitative simulation of groundwater in unconfined aquifer of Birjand using mathematical model and change trend of chrome density. To do this, numerical codes of MODFLOW and MT3D which is in groundwater modeling software (GMS), were used. At first, needed statistics and information for preparing a conceptual model of plain was collected. Then the simulation was done in the software and the model was ran. Then the calibration of qualitative and quantitative mathematical model in Birjand aquifer was donein transient conditions. Hydraulic conductivity and specific yield values for the quantitative model and longitudinal diffusivity coefficient values and prosity was calibrated for qualitative model. Finally, the simulation was performed for a one-year period. The forecast was done for 6 years after the simulation with 30% reduction and increase of harvest. In the quantitative model, the highest water level was estimated in the eastern part of the aquifer is 1296 m and the lowest water level is 1263 m close to the groundwater drainage in the southwest aquifer region. Qualitative model output indicated the highest density of chromium in the middle of the aquifer. Also the gradual movement curve of the maximum chromium aquifer density was from the central zones toward the east and west of the aquifer. For evaluating the calibration, features of GMS software such as Mean Error, Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error was used that the values of these statistical parameters were 0.09, 0.944 and 1.071 m for quantitative model and 0.003, 0.004 and 0.008 mg/lit for quantitative model. The results of qualitative and quantitative modeling of Birjand aquifer shows that the density of chromium in the central areas of Birjand groundwater is more than 0.05 mg/lit, which is more than WHO standards for drinking water. this density increases during simulation and chromium Density and reaches 0.09 mg/lit. Also the density variation of this contaminant depends on fluctuations in groundwater levels and by increasing the water level, chromium levels can be reduced in the aquifer. As well as during recent years, chromium density in the aquifer always have increasing trend. By applying the reduction scenario of harvest from the aquifer, the area of the critical zone has decrease and increasing scenario of harvest, in comparison with harvest reduction, shows less changes in density and area of the critical zone.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1203
1216
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81788_09c3a2fe87bddce90844a0f89c26b2d1.pdf
Effect of Different Rates of Biochar on Soil Moisture Characteristics under partial root zone drying of maize
Maryam
Dehghani
sanru
author
Ali
Shahnazari
Sanru
author
M Z
Ahmadi
Sanru
author
mohamad
Ardakani
Azad
author
ali
ghadami firouzabadi
Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization,
author
text
article
2018
per
The main purpose of irrigation and partial root zone drying is to overcome soil moisture deficit in root zone for plant use and water saving, respectively. In addition, one of the soil amendments to increase soil fertility is biochar, which affects the amount of water abstraction in the root zone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial root zone irrigation of maize under different level of biochar (6 and 12 ton ha-1) on the moisture characteristics and soil water content of loamy texture. The project was done in Ahmadabad Mostofi research farm in Tehran. This project was complete block design under split plot with three replicates. The results showed that full irrigation treatment had the highest amount of soil saturation moisture and available water, which had a significant difference with partial root zone irrigation (PRD) treatments. On the other hand, in the soil of PRD, under low matric potential and near saturation level, the maximum of soil moisture content was related to 12 ton per ha treatment of biochar. In addition, this treatment had the highest amount of available water and water content that were 24 and 15 % and 18.6 and 9.8 %, respectively, higher than 0 and 6 ton ha-1 biochar treatments. Therefore, the biochar can effectively improve the soil ability to maintain water. This condition has improved the maize yield under partial root zone irrigation.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1217
1228
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81789_4a5499d8765e65cbf0cf32f8f8eb27bc.pdf
Modelling of seepage from foundation and body of earth dams by finite element method
sima
ohadi
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
author
Gholamabbas
Barani
Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
In this study, seepage investigation through earthen dam, its velocity and distribution of pore water pressure on the Mashkyd dam in Sistan and Baluchestan province has been studied. In order to modeling and analyzing of the results from the movement of water in porous media, the Abaqus software is used which is based on the powerful numerical method finite element method. According to the results, the maximum velocity is 2.47×10-5 (meter per second) which is estimated in drain. Then for leakage detection, three sections of mashkyd dam were considered. The results show that seepage through the core that encompasses all the leakage flow is 7.07×10-6 (cubic meter per second). In the next step, the influence of specific weight of fluid on the leakage and pore pressure in the mashkyd dam was evaluated. According to the results, by increasing the specific weight of water, leakage decreases and pore water pressure increases.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1229
1239
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81790_6395efaff799b8812dee88b24eee5a4c.pdf
Evaluation of the Influential Factors on Water Quality Components of Qarasoo River in Golestan Province
Mohammad Hasan
Naderi
Graduate M.Sc. of Water Resources Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
author
Mehdi
Zakerinia
Associate Professor of Water Engineering Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
author
Meysam
salarijazi
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
author
text
article
2018
per
Water quality river is important from the economic, social and environmental aspects, and its importance is felt in the planning of water resources management and health assessment of watersheds. The present study aimed to investigate the water quality of Qarasoo River in Golestan province by descriptive cross-sectional method using qualitative variables and biological parameters of water in hydrometric stations located on Qarasoo River during the period from 1380 to 1393. An overview of the relationship and sources of physicochemical variables provides. Based on the results of chemical analysis and plotting the Schoeller, Wilcox and Piper diagrams, the water quality of the river is not suitable due to the high concentrations of sulfate, sodium and chlorine ions according to the drug Schoeller diagram, and is agricultural according to the Wilcox In the C3S1 classification, which represents a moderate quality. Also, according to the Piper diagram, which shows the hydrothermal type of water, the qualitative water type is introduced as Calcium-Magnesium-Chloride type. For improving the quality of river water and its efficient, by creating suitable environmental conditions and improving the ecological conditions in the river, point and non-point pollutants entry into the river water especially urban sewage and industrial wastewater and agricultural pollutants should be prevented with long-term plans.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1420
1252
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81791_09f87af2f3e45b0bf0d3a51870c250ad.pdf
Site Selection and Prioritizing the Suitable Sites for Groundwater Artificial Recharge Using Fuzzy Logic, Boolean Logic and overlay method
A
Mahdavi
Department of Water Engineering
College of Agriculture
Bu-Ali Sina University
author
Samira
Akhavan
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University., Hamedan., Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
The spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation result in surface runoff and flood. Using this water in artificial recharge is a solution to increase groundwater recharge. Because the groundwater is considered as the major source of 99% of all retrievable fresh water, optimization of its usage would be very crucial. Groundwater artificial recharge using surface water is the recommended solution because that increases the aquifer storage. To identify the suitable sites for groundwater artificial recharge in the aquifer of Hamedan- Bahar plain, the six effective parameters including the ground slope, surface infiltration rate, vadoze zone thickness, electrical conductivity of the groundwater, land-use, were used. In the first method, each maps were classified based on the Boolean logic and then integrated via the AND operator. The results showed that 26% of study area was suitable for ground water recharge. Then, suitable areas were divided to three subsets using overlay method. The 0.53% was suitable, 21% was moderate and no area with very suitable appropriateness. In the third method, layers were rated based on the Fuzzy logic and integrated with the Fuzzy algebraic product operator. The 2.25, 7.71 and 16.76% of the study area were identified very suitable, suitable and assigned moderate, respectively. The result of Boolean logic sensitivity analysis showed that suitable zones increase 1.5% while suitable ranges in all parameters increase 50% against 0.5% reduction of suitable points at 50% reduction of suitable ranges of all parameters.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1253
1265
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81792_c9c4fc55487697844920b31f5c273d53.pdf
Comparison Result of Evaluating Actual Evapotranspiration of Crops and Orchards by SEBS and SEBAL Alghorithms (Case study: Qazvin plain)
Fatemeh
Firuzi Nezam Abadi
Ms.C graduated on Irrigation and Drainage Eng., Water Eng. Dept., Agricultural and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
author
Abbas
Kaviani
assistant professor water Eng. Dept., Agricultural and natural resources Faculty, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
author
Mahnoosh
Moghadasi
assistant professor water Eng. Dept., Agricultural and natural resources Faculty, Arak University, Arak, Iran
author
Bahareh
Bahman Abadi
Ms.C graduated on irrigation and drainage Eng., Water Eng. Dept., Agricultural and Natural resources Faculty, Imam Khomeini international university, Qazvin, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Water crisis is one of the biggest challenges facing today’s societies so evaluating actual crops evapotranspiration is really vital in water management, specially in areas facing with water scarcity. There are different methods for estimating evapotranspiration, but their performance is different in each climate. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to evaluate actual evapotranspiration in Qazvin plain base on satellite imageries of MODIS, Landsat7 (ETM+) and surface energy balance alghorithms, SEBAL and SEBS. The results were evaluate and compare with Lysimetric data in 2001 and 2002. The statistic results shows that, by using ETM+ sensor in Landsat7 satellite, SEBAL alghorithms with regression coefficient (r=0/85), RMSE=1/29 mm/day, ESE=0/11 mm/day and SEBS alghorithms in MODIS imageries with regression coefficient (r=0/88), RMSE=1/55 mm/day, CRM=0/14 and ESE=1/6 mm/day would have more accurate results. Base on statistics analysis results and satellite imageries, in evaluating actual evapotranspiration the SEBAL alghorithms is more accurate and satisfying.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1266
1280
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81793_93f1384e1cdfe6ca6ea419573a071f27.pdf
Evaluation and Calibration of Empirical Relationships for Estimating Evaporation from Free Water Levels in Urmia Lake Basin
VAHID
MOUNESKHAH
MSc Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Aboolfazl
Majnooni Heris
Associate Professor of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Ahmad
Fakheri Fard
Professor of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Evaporation is one of the main reasons for water loss and pressure on water resources, which is important in many situations. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the accuracy of different methods for estimating evaporation of free water surfaces using pan evaporation monthly data in the Lake Urmia basin. For this purpose several experimental equation coefficients were calibrated using the Newton-Raphson method. According to the results, the largest and least amounts of evaporation were occurred in the eastern parts, and south and west of the lake basin, respectively. The obtained results indicated that in general, Meyer and Ivanov methods were upper estimated and their predicted values were more than actual amounts, versus Jensen Haise and Blaney–Criddle relationships estimated values were most similar to pan evaporation data. The latest tow methods are arranged in the category of temperature - radiation and temperature - sunshine hour relationships, respectively, and have the highest accuracy in the Lake Urmia Basin. In average, Jensen Haise and Papadakis methods were introduced as the best and worst methods with RMSE of 1.07 and 2.71 mm/day in the Urmia Lake basin, respectively. Also, the most and least corrective correlation variations were obtained as 54.12 and 9.80 percentage for Stephens Stewart and Jensen Haies method coefficients.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1281
1291
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81794_7c98eca41bbb1fe4cba0f7416559ed68.pdf
Classifying Iranian Irrigation Networks Based on Regulating Structures Problems and Proposing a Common Solution to Enhance Their Performance
Farshid
Karimi
Department of Hydraulic Structure, Tarbiat Modares University
author
Mohammad Javad
Monem
Department of Hydraulic Structure, Tarbiat Modares University
author
Seied Mehdy
Hashemy Shahdany
Department of Irrigation Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2018
per
Water shortage and limited water resources, reveals the importance of optimum utilization of irrigation water networks more than ever. In most of the previous studies performance improvement options are given based on individual networks condition, without considerations of providing common solutions for other networks. In this study similar Iranian irrigation networks are classified in different clusters based on the problems of control structures in the main canals, and common improvement options are given. The classical K-Mean clustering method is used for classification. For this purpose the criterion are analysed using AHP technique. The criterion with more than 7 percent rankings are selected for clustering. The most important criterion are network’s covered area, age and capacity of the networks, and No. of structures. 32 of Iranian irrigation networks are clustered in 7 clusters. 38 questionaires collected by Iranian National Committee of Irrigation and Drainage were analysed. The common problems of the networks were determined for each cluster. The most common problems are determined to be operational deficiencies, repairmen requirements, and farmers intervention and manipulation in operation. The common improvement options to resolve the identified problems for each cluster are given.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
5
no.
2018
1292
1303
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_81795_9daeaa9768f51c6392194b20769925a7.pdf