Experimental Evaluation of Location and Discharge of Rectangular Free Get on Parameters of Classic Hydraulic Jump
mehdi
dastourani
Assistant Prof., Dept. of Water Engineering, University of Birjand
author
Kazam
Esmaili
Associate Professor, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Ali
dindalou
Assistant Professor, University of Persian Gulf
author
Abbas
Khashei-siuki
Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Birjand
author
text
article
2019
per
Hydraulic jump formation in stilling basins plays an effective role in energy dissipation of flow, downstream of water structures. A fast jet entrance on hydraulic jump is considered as an important factor in control of hydraulic jump, reduce in the length and secondary depth of the jump and increase in energy loss. In this study, has been studied the effect of rapid rectangular jet collision on four area of jump: before, beginning, middle and end of the jump occur (supercritical area), in the maximum angular displacement of the jump to the upstream, including 3 jet discharges; 2, 2.5 and 3 liters per second, in 6–9.6 Froude number range on the hydraulic jump characteristics., Also, has been evaluated the impact of mentioned options on the jump characteristics. Results showed with collision of jet in the end of hydraulic jump, has been occurred maximum relative displacement to the upstream that has been increased with increasing in jet discharge. In with and without jet conditions, the secondary depth and length of the jump decreased in 39.7 and 55 percent, respectively and energy loss increased to 18%. Bed shear has been increased between 4.2 to 13 times in jet collision conditions to hydraulic jump than without a jet. Jet with maximum angle to jump end section has been had maximum effect on jump length and as a result on length of stilling basin.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1304
1314
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_86027_5d3ca5c26eaea4a7a63d8e51d93b2f2f.pdf
Investigating the Output of Numerical Prediction Models under RCP4.5 Scenario for Forecasting Meteorological Droughts
Nasrin
Salehnia
Ph.D. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Amin
Alizadeh
Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Seyed Hossein
Sanaei Nejad
Professor, Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Mohammad
Bannayan
Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Azar
Zarrin
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2019
per
Climate change increases the repetition and frequency of droughts and this event has undergone significant changes. Water resources and agriculture in Iran has not been spared from the harm of these changes. In this study, because of the importance of Kashafrood basin in the North-East of Iran, the meteorological droughts in the region over the next three years (2027-2018), (2037-2028) and (2047-2038) will be discussed. Since the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is one of the most useful indices of drought, this index was calculated in this study. Numerical calculations and dynamic models are the most accurate sources for prediction of meteorological variables. In this research, the precipitation outputs of the EC-EARTH model under the RCP4.5 scenario that has been downscaled with RCA4 dynamic model were used. According to the resolution of the RCA4 dynamical model, the Kashafrood basin was divided into 6 pixels (0.44 at 0.44 degrees) and then assessment values were determined on each pixel. The results showed that the EC-EARTH model is competent in the prediction of precipitation at a confidence level of 99% with a correlation coefficient averaged 64%. The average number of dry and very dry months was calculated on the whole basin. Analysis of the results in the next three years compared to the observation period (2016-1987) showed that the number of droughts will increase, but the severity of future droughts will be reduced.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1315
1326
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85902_5001436c976751c6e52a83c8fb504479.pdf
Investigation of GLDAS1 Meteorological Focing Data and Bias Correction of Precipitation Data for Application in Land Surface Model (Case Study :Neishaboor Basin)
Samira
Mirshafee
PhD Student of Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Hossein
Ansari
Professor of Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Kamran
Davary
Professor of Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Ali Naghi
Ziaei
Associate Professor of Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2019
per
In many climate studies, land surface models are forced by meteorological data, and there is no attempt to check the quality of the data. The purpose of this study is to evaluation of GLDAS1 meteorological forcing data and application of bias correction method for these data. The weather data corrected will be input into the Noah-MP model in the next study.
Observations for the Neyshaboor Basin have been collected at a temporal resolution of one day during the period 2000–2009 for ten years from fourteen stations and evaporation stations and a meteorological station in the basin. The variables of temperature, relative humidity, short solar wavelength, and air pressure, with correlation coefficients of 0.94, 0.77, 0.74 and 0.6, respectively, were in good agreement with the observations. The GLDAS1 precipitation data for most of this basin is less than observations. The precipitation has been corrected by matching the mean and the coefficient of variation of GLDAS data with observational data. The results of applying the correction method were satisfactory, so that difference in average daily precipitate between GLDAS1 data and observational data was effectively reduced to 0.048 mm. Also, the correlation between the number of wet days (precipitation over 0.3 mm) in the observational data with the corrected data compared to the uncorrected data improved from -1.17 to 0.93 and the first-order autocorrelation in the observational data with corrected data has improved better than uncorrected data and has grown from -2.4 to 0.41. The corrections were the highest during January, February, October, November and December. the bias correction applied seems to correct the precipitation well during May to September.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1327
1336
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_86028_c1e697a1fc0914c170124de3a68ff554.pdf
Study of Compound flow in Compound Sharp Crested Weir and Rectangular Gates
Mahsa
pesarkloo
Graduated of Master in Water Structure, Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
author
alireza
emadi
Department of Water Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University,sari,iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Weir and gates are the structures that used to flow measurement and control water surface. According to the changes discharge in the channels, the weir structure should have a wide range of measurement and control efficiency. This limitation can be addressed by the use of Compound weir. Also in the weirs, sediment accumulation in the upstream on the hydraulic flow and exploitation of irrigation networks is affected. Therefore, simultaneous use of the weir-gate structure can be appropriate. The purpose of this research was to study the hydraulic properties of weirs and weirs-gates with three sections (triangular- trapezoidal -rectangular) in gate openings equal to 1.5, 3 and 4.5 cm and the angle of the vertex 30, 60, 90 and 115 degrees as compared to rectangular weir- gate. Therefore, experiments were performed on a rectangular flume with length of 12 meters and width of 0.5 meter. The results showed that the amount of flow through the models increases with increasing of the vertex angle of the weir. Also the discharge was increased for a known head over the weir with increasing of height of the gate, but the discharge coefficient decreaseds. Based on experimental data the discharge coefficient in compound weir was in the range of 0.48 to 0.95 and in compound weir-gate was in the range of 0.38 to 0.82. The amount of determination coefficient (R2) and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) was obtained 0.94 and 0.03, respectively. The results showed that the use of a linear combination of flow equations is able to estimate the discharge coefficient with acceptable accuracy in weir and compound weir-gate.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1337
1349
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85903_dd7e51a1e9491da817a04a01cb0ebad4.pdf
Golestan Dam Operation in Flood Conditions to Minimize Flood Damages in Downstream of Dam
Zahra
Sadeghi
PhD Student. Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Saeed Reza
Khodashenas
Professor of Civil Engineering, Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Hosein
Sanaeinejad
Associate Professor of Meteorology, Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Mehdi
Meftah Halghi
Associate Professor of water Structure Engineering, Water Engineering Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2019
per
The aim of this study is investigation the application of operation scenarios on Golestan dam to reduce the inundated area and the flood damages at downstream of dam. So considering confidence interval, the inflow hydrographs for Golestan dam were calculated for 4 return periods (25, 50, 100, 200 year). Then these hydrographs were routed through Puls method in order to obtain the outflow hydrographs passing through dam spillway. Also, the integrated of Geographical Information System (GIS) and the HEC-RAS hydraulic model were used to produce a flood map for different floods. Finally, the damage to land around the river was estimated in each scenario. The results showed that assigning a flood control volumes in Golestan dam is effective only for floods whit peak discharge up to 2000 m3/s. And as the flood peak discharge increases, the effect of dam on flood controlling decreases, even if you keep the dam empty. So that, by the application of operation scenarios, flood inundated area can be reduced to 100% in the floods whit peak discharge up to 500 m3/s.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1350
1361
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_86029_42f0a9d79bd7d1ee55aee02800c3e244.pdf
Development of SWAT-LU Model for Simulation of Urmia Lake Water Level Decrease and Assessment of the Proposed Actions for its Restoration;
Part 3: Water Accounting Analysis and Assessment of the Proposed Actions for Restoration of Urmia Lake
Ashkan
Farokhnia
Academic Member, Department of Water Resources Research, Water Research Institute
author
Saeid
Morid
Prof. of Water Resources Engineering Dept., Tarbiat Modares University
author
Majid
Delavar
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University
author
Karim
Abbaspour
Associate Professor, Department Systems Analysis, Integrated Assessment and Modelling, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
author
text
article
2019
per
The rapid drying rate of the Urmia Lake over the past two decades has caused great concern. Meanwhile, a number of measures are proposed for restoration of the Lake, which are also costly and need considerable investments. However, there have not been paid enough attention to analyse how, to what extent and under what circumstances; they can be effective. This paper attempts to address this issue and apply the developed integrated model (i.e. SWAT-LU) and link it to the water accounting framework (WA+) for more accurate evaluation of such measures to save water in the basin and increase inflows to Urmia Lake. To this end, the changes of water budget components under different restoration measures were evaluated in the form of water accounting reports. Moreover, the side effects of them were examined. The results showed that in spite of huge costs of some the measures (e.g. pressurized irrigation systems), they have not much positive effects in real water savings at the basin scale, and may even cause new problems in this regard. These results highlight the importance of considering scale for sustainable planning. It warns that results at the farm level are not supposed to be the same at basin scale.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1362
1380
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85904_90c543bd19c4cb5c3cc93b2da4beac89.pdf
Comparison of Different Deficit Irrigation Management Strategies in Orange
Mehrdad
Shahabian
Soil and water research department, Mazandaran agricultural and natural resources research and education center, Sari, Iran
author
Ali
Cherati
Scientific Staff Members of Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari
author
Ramazan Ali
Dehghan
Scientific Staff Members of Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari
author
Mohammad Esmaeel
Kamali
Researcher of Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari
author
text
article
2019
per
In the current study, effects of different deficit irrigation strategies on yield of orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) were investigated in randomized complete block design. The treatments were including (T1) Traditional method of irrigation, (T2) irrigation based on water requirement, (T3) deficit irrigation based on 75% water requirement, (T4) deficit irrigation based on 50% water requirement; (T5) Partial root-zone drying based on 75% water requirement, (T6) Partial root-zone drying, based on 50% water requirement. Results showed that for yield, T5 had no significant difference related to T2. However, T3 and T4 had 28% and 34% difference related to T2. Furthermore, T6 had highest water use efficiency (9.3 kg/m3) and was selected as the best treatment. The lowest value of water use efficiency was for T1 (4.8 kg/m3). Calculating Net Presence Value (NPV) of treatments shows that T2 treatment is the most economical treatment.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1381
1395
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85905_f559a197c17acb1352a95d48008e2859.pdf
Estimating Leaf Area Index of a corn silage field Using a Modified Commercial Digital Camera
Mostafa
Gooyandeh
Ph.D student Of Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
seyed majid
mirlatifi
Associate Professor, Dept. of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
Mehdi
Akbari
Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Leaf area index (LAI) is an important indicator of plant growth and yield. Therefore, monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of LAI at agricultural farms could be a significant predictor of how well the various elements of farm management strategies such as irrigation scheduling and uniformity have been implemented. The purpose of this study is to outline how pictures taken by a modified digital camera can be used for estimating the LAI of a corn silage field. It focuses on how to utilize a combination of a simple digital photographic cameras with spectral filters, designed to provide multispectral images in the visible and near-infrared domains, to estimate LAI. In order to remove the sources of errors in the resulting images, procedures to perform image vignetting corrections, geometric distortions corrections, and elimination of radiometric bidirectional effects are suggested. Due to high spatial resolution of this imaging system (at the level of a few centimeters), separation of surfaces with and without plant cover was accomplished well. This separation process was also useful in determination of percentage of vegetation cover (crop density). The leaf area index had the highest correlation with the vegetation cover percentage (R2 = 0/919), and the NIR spectral band (R2 = 0/741). There was a high correlation between the two spectra of red and green with the NIR spectral band. This correlation indicates that with the presence of the NIR spectral band, the effect of red and green spectral bands on estimating leaf area index is insignificant. Therefore, a multivariable regression model was generated to estimate leaf area index as a function of only two parameters, namely vegetation cover percentage and spectral band NIR. The performance of the developed model was evaluated by comparing its predicted values of LAI with corresponding measured values. The adjusted coefficient of determination of this comparison was 96.6%, which indicates that 96.6% of the variation in the estimated leaf area index values is explained by the two variables (vegetation cover percentage and NIR spectral band) incorporated into the model.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1396
1406
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85906_b51ef4c9630b74612e3ce352f56ca9e2.pdf
Water productivity and economic analysis of potato production under sprinkler and furrow irrigation in Bahar plain of Hamedan Province
ali
ghadami firouzabadi
Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization,
author
Seiied Mohsen
Seyedan
Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran
author
Hossein
Dehghanisanij
Associate Researcher, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
This project was conducted to evaluate irrigation water productivity and economic analysis of potato crop production in Hamedan- Bahar plain. In order to 61 potato farms which had sprinkler and furrow irrigation were selected and evaluated. Water consumption was calculated by measuring the water discharge (using WSC flume or Jet methods) for furrow irrigation and sprinkler discharge, irrigation hours per irrigation and total number of irrigation for sprinkler irrigation in the studied farms. Economic analysis of the potato production was carried out with consideration of government grants and regardless of government assistance for the sprinkler irrigation system. The average amount of water consumption and water productivity in furrow and sprinkler irrigation were estimated 14194 and 8233.23 m3/ha and 3.1 and 6.5 kg/m3, respectively. In this way, the sprinkler irrigation system with a 42% reduction in water consumption has increased the water productivity by 100%. The results of economic analysis showed that the present value of the net benefits of potato cultivation in sprinkler irrigation system relative furrow irrigation is more than about 304262 and 369941 thousand rials with or without government assistance grants, respectively. The benefit-cost ratio in sprinkler irrigation systems is 3.1 and 2.9 with or without government subsidies, respectively. This index on farms that have used furrow irrigation system was determined about 2.8. Gross income and net income were Calculated in sprinkler and Furrow irrigation about 360500, 304150 and 243355, 199992 thousand rials respectively.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1407
1417
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85907_854ac9a9c6cb8036b574cb2a58173563.pdf
The evaluation of Drainmod-S model for simulating the water table fluctuations and salt concentration in soil profiles in Paddy fields areas with a shallow water table and saline
masoud
pourgholam amiji
Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
Abdolmajid
Liaghat
Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
Arezoo
Nazi Ghameshlou
Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering
Faculty of Agronomy Engineering & Technology
College of Agriculture & Natural Resources,
University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
Mojtaba
Khoshravesh
Department of Water Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
author
text
article
2019
per
In this research, the Drainmod-S model, which is specific for regions with shallow and saline water table, was used for water table changes and salt determination of salt concentration in paddy fields. This research was performed as a physical model (lysimeter) in meteorological research center of college of agriculture and natural resources, university of Tehran in 2017. The complete randomized design consists of two main treatments with fresh and shallow water table (FSG), as the control treatment, and in the presence of saline and shallow water table (SSG(, respectively. After evaluating the model for water table, the amount of MBE, RMSE, NRMSE, d and R2 for FSG treatment were obtained 0.18 cm, 7.48 cm, 23.41%, 0.86 and 0.63, respectively and for FSG treatment were obtained 0.69 cm, 7.25 cm, 21.06%, 0.83 and 0.53, respectively. These results showed a good simulation of the model and a relative correlation between measured and estimated data. Also, the parameters of MBE, RMSE, NRMSE, d and R2 were calculated to evaluate the efficient of model for estimating the salt concentration changes in three different areas of the soil. The average of these parameters at different soil depths for FSG treatment was 0.02 dS/m, 0.1 dS/m, 4/61%, 0.9 and 0.87, respectively. The above parameters in SSG treatment were calculated as 0.07 dS/m, 0.24 dS/m, 2.78%, 0.94 and 0.89, respectively. At the end, the model was simulated for the real paddy fields (Miankale lands in Behshahr region). In general, the comparison of measured and estimated water table and soil salinity showed that the Drainmod-S model is able to use as a general guide for prediction and simulation of water table and soil salinity changes.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1418
1434
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85908_527a69f10528c11cbf64ae8fcbfb106b.pdf
Evaluation of hydraulic performance and operation of Neyrpic Modules in the main distribution canal (Case study: Yamchi irrigation network, Ardabil)
Amin
Kanooni
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب
author
Manouchehr
Pouryamanesh
دانشجوی سابق گروه مهندسی آب
author
Mohammadreza
Nikpour
استادیار گروه مهندسی آب
author
Atabak
Feizi
استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران
author
text
article
2019
per
In this study, hydraulic performance and operation of Neyrpic gates on the main water distribution canal of Yamchi irrigation network (Ardabil) were evaluated in 2016-2017. For the purpose of this research, a 4 km long range with 7 offtakes and a total covered area of 2,375 hectares was selected. Then, during the operation period, the flow velocity at the specified points was measured by velocity meter and by determining the cross-sectional flow, the inlet discharge to the offtakes was calculated. By measuring the flow delivered to the offtakes and comparing them with the nominal flow, the relative error of the Neyrpic module gates was determined. Then, by calculating the indicators of adequacy, efficiency, dependability, and equity of water delivery, the performance of the distribution canal in the delivery of water to the users was evaluated. The analysis of the results showed that the accuracy of flow measurement in all offtakes is high and water delivery to the consumers is performed with less error, so that the maximum relative errors was 10.6%. In the case of using agricultural requirement water in determining the assessment indicators, the performance of the water distribution canal is poor due to the adequacy index, but based on the efficiency, dependability and equity of water delivery indicators, is at a good level.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1435
1447
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85909_3a27accb64f07aabc1fae00a41787ea8.pdf
Estimation of crop evapotranspiration and water requirement over different agro-climatic conditions (Case study: Qom province)
Khaled
Ahmadaali
Assistant Professor in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran ., Tehran., Iran
author
هادی
رمضانی اعتدالی
گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)
author
Abbasali
Pourmohseni
MSc in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
author
text
article
2019
per
Estimates of water requirement in areas such as Qom province have always been a difficult task due to their different agro-climatic zones and latitudinal ranges, and low density of weather station network. In this study, estimation of evapotranspiration and water requirement of major crops was studied in Qom province. Initially, the studied area was divided into four sub-areas of Qom, Saveh-Tafresh, Saveh and Garmsar which have different climatic conditions. Then, the climate parameters were amended using the obtained regression equations from the elevations in each sub-area and the net irrigation requirement was calculated in each sub-area at various altitudes. The results showed that the amount of net irrigation requirement of all selected crops in Saveh was higher than other zones. The minimum net irrigation requirement of winter (wheat, barley, and canola) and spring (cotton, alfalfa, corn) crops was in the Garmsar and Saveh-Tafresh zone, respectively. Average net irrigation requirement of wheat, barley and canola in Saveh zone was 743.7, 647.3 and 743.7 mm more than Garmsar zone, respectively. This amount for cotton, corn and alfalfa in Saveh was 811.5, 354.7 and 1.875 mm more than Saveh-Tafresh zone, respectivelyIt was concluded that cultivation of winter crops in Saveh zone is not suitable due to higher virtual water compared to other areas and cultivation of spring crops is recommended in this zone.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1448
1462
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85910_5eaa02803e7197c0937e466f668b5bea.pdf
Feasibility of pressurized irrigation based on water quality indices
(Case study: Marvdasht-Kharameh study area)
omid
raja
Graduate Student, Department of Irrigation and Reproduction Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj.
author
masoud
parsinejad
The associate professor of Irrigation and Development Engineering Group, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering & Technology, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, University of Tehran,karaj
author
taymor
sohrabi
The associate professor of Irrigation and Development Engineering Group, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering & Technology, Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus, University of Tehran,karaj
author
text
article
2019
per
Feasibility of pressurized irrigation systems, based on the chemical properties of the water, at sub-regional and regional scale, It is especially important for its implementation. In this study, GIS has used for zoning of Marvdasht-Kharameh land suitability for executing pressurized irrigation systems based on indices irrigation water quality. In this study, the data of 50 wells water measured in 2014-2015 has used. The zoning map based on the HCO3 index showed that most of the region has a low to moderate limitation for performing sprinkler irrigation system. In addition, the zoning maps Cl and Na parameters in the Marvdasht-Kharameh study area showed that 84.6% and 78.2% Of land area respectively, are faced limitation for performing sprinkler irrigation systems. The results showed that in 60.2% and 27.3% of the area, there is a serious limitation and a low to moderate limitation for performing drip irrigation based on TDS and EC parameters, respectively. Throughout the study area, there was a limit to the pH index for implementing the drip irrigation method; which there have 90.4% and 9.6% of the land subject has a low to moderate limitation and serious limitation on pH index for performing drip irrigation system, respectively. The results showed that for the majority of the area, there is no limitation on LSI index for performing drip irrigation system because of Acidity of groundwater in the area.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1463
1474
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85911_2c36715f95894a77c16c6828e605a596.pdf
Comparative Study of Effective Hydraulic Parameters on Bridge Piers Scouring in Cohesive and Grainy Soils Using Gaussian Process Regression Method
Kiyoumars
Roushangar
Department Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tabriz University, Iran
author
Roghayeh
Ghasempour
PhD student, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Syed Mahdi
Saghebian
Department of Civil Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University - Ahar-Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
The phenomenon of scouring around bridge piers is one of the important issues in river engineering science. Scouring creates a trench around the bridge piers and ultimately destroys them. So far, many studies have been done in this regard and numerous relationships have been proposed to estimate the scour depth parameter. However, due to the influence of various parameters and uncertainty in the scouring phenomenon, existing relationships do not lead to accurate and comprehensive results. In the present study, using a series of experimental data, the efficiency of the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) method was evaluated to estimate the scour depth of bridge piers in cohesive and grainy beds. Various models were developed and the impacts of hydraulic parameters were evaluated. The results proved the high efficiency of the applied method in the research in estimating the scour depth compared to the semi-empirical equations. It was observed that the defined models for cohesive soils are more successful in estimating the scour depth than grainy and non- cohesive soil. The best result for test series was obtained in the state of soil with clay and sand with the values of CC=0.952, DC=0.801, RMSE=0.132 and MAPE=15.23%; in clay soil state with the values of CC=0.889, DC=0.883, RMSE=0.054 and MAPE=11.82% and in non-cohesive soil state with the values of CC=0.988, DC=0.796, RMSE=0.191 and MAPE=18.21%. The results showed that soil moisture and clay soil density were effective in predicting scour depth. Based on the results of sensitivity analysis, in the state of soil with clay and sand moisture with mean absolute percentage error of 24.42%, in the state of clay soil shear stresses and the percentage of soils density with errors of 43.42% and 47.04%, respectively, and in non-cohesive soil state pier Froude number with error of 28.65% were respectively the most effective parameters in estimating the scour depth in cohesive and non-cohesive soils.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1475
1485
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_86030_d9cc76555445dd7dce883b247173c6bc.pdf
Laboratory modeling of drainage flow through fine sandy aquifers and evaluation of available analytical methods
sadegh
naderi
Yasouj University
author
mansour
parvizi
yasooj university
author
mohammad
sedghi-asl
Soil Science Dept., College of Agriculture, Yasouj University
author
text
article
2019
per
In this paper, subsurface water profile and seepage discharge through fine porous media were modeled experimentally and their results were compared with the data of Dupuit- Forchheimer, Chapman, Bear and Castro- Orgaz et al. methods. Laboratory model consist of fine porous media having 5 m long, 0.6 m wide and 1 m deep. For different water levels. The seepage discharge and water profiles were measured and then were compared with analytical relationship. The values of relative error percent and NOF function for computed and measured variables were compared. After comparison of experimental results and analytical solutions, the drawbacks and capabilities of each method has been revealed. After comparing the results of the discharge experimental with the analytical relationship based on Dupuit- Forchheimer assumption analytical the relative error was between 4.2 to 6.4 percent. By the comparison of the experimental results with analytical solution for subsurface flow profile, the NOF for analytical method were between 0.012 to 0.048 for Chapman, 0.011 to 0.081 for Bear and 0.011 to 0.078 for Castro- Orgaz et al, respectively, which indicated a proper confirmation.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1486
1499
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85913_e82fbe3d08adbc6e71b1cc2e06033240.pdf
Evaluation and Simulation of Talar River Quality by using QUAL2KW Model
zohre
hashemi
water engineering department
author
Mohammad Ali
Gholami Sefidkouhi
Water Engineering Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Sari., Iran
author
khalegh
ahmadi
water engineering department
author
text
article
2019
per
Increasing of water demand, drought and climate changes, the development of contaminated resources, in addition to the threat of the ecosystem, affects the supply of drinking water and agriculture. The use of QUAL2KW as a qualitative numerical simulations model, water quality parameters changing such as dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen (CBODu), acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) had studied in Talar River. The accuracy of predicted DO and pH parameters is better than the others. The most accurate simulation was occurred with the lowest coefficient of variation mean square error (0.017) and mean square error (0.139 mg/l) of pH parameter in February and also lowest accuracy in the simulation with maximum coefficient of variation mean square error (0.45) and mean square error (4.5 mg/l) of BODu parameter in November and most changes in the trend chart occurred in Ghaemshahr and Kiakola output Which could be due to the impact of the waste water coming from the two cities into the river. In general, the results of the river's simulation showed that the qualitative model QUAL2KW gives proper estimation of the river's quality conditions
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1500
1510
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85914_62199272134d4541532ff774d5928ac9.pdf
Evaluation of Physical Productivity of Water Agricultural in Selected Provinces in Iran (Case Study: Wheat Crop)
mehdi
bahrami
tarbiat modares university
author
sadegh
khalilain
tarbiat modares university
author
Seyed Abolghasem
Mortazavi,
Tarbiat Modares University
author
Mohammad Ali
Asaadi
Tarbiat modares university
author
text
article
2019
per
Improving water productivity in food production has been a basic global issue, especially in countries with limited water resources like in Iran. On the other hand, among agricultural crops, wheat is a strategic product and has a significant cropping area and plays an important role in feeding people. Based on the above, and also considering that one of the recommended strategies for coping with water scarcity is the implementation of agricultural water productivity system in the country's water management structure, In the present study, using the method of estimating the production functions and choosing the superior production function and panel data of 2005-2014, to estimate the effects of Physical water productivity on wheat production in the major provinces of wheat (Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, Khuzestan, Golestan and Fars). The results of Physical water productivity between selected provinces showed that the index in the studied periods was 1.9 kg / m3. this means that on average, an increase of one cubic meter of water will increase about two kilograms per hectare of wheat production in these periods.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1511
1518
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85915_0cc0eb1694aee174fea6370841c403b7.pdf
Yield-water function of middle-aged and early varieties of maize (KSC 500 & KSC 302) under sprinkler irrigation system
Mohammad Mehdi
Nakhjavanimoghaddam
Assistant professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
Ghasem
Zarei
Associate Professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
Saloomeh
Sepehri Sadeghian
Assistant professor of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2019
per
In this research, the effect of different levels of sprinkler irrigation and planting density on yield and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of middle-aged and early varieties of grain maize (KSC500 and KSC302) evaluated under sprinkler irrigation method for two years in Karaj. This research was carried out as two independent split plot experiments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The applied water levels in both experiments were the same (three irrigation levels: 75,100 and 125% of the Etc). However, according to the variety, in each experiment, the planting densities were different (in the case of KSC500 variety, sub plots were three plants densities including 75000, 85000 and 95000 plant per hectare and in the case of KSC302 variety, three plants densities including 80000, 90000 and 100000 plant per hectare were considered. The results showed that increasing the depth of irrigation water significantly increased the grain yield of maize. However, different planting densities had no significant effect on yield and WUE of the mentioned cultivars. Based on the results in the range of the irrigation depth from 700 to 1000 mm, the yield of maize varieties was linearly increased. However, with further increase in the depth of irrigation water, the slope of the relationship between the yield and irrigation water decreased significantly. In the first experiment (KSC500), applying 75% of the ETc has led to the highest WUE (0.944 kg/m3) and in the second experiment (KSC302), applying 100% of the has led to the highest WUE (1.03 kg/m3). Finally it can be concluded that under limited water resources conditions, planting early and middle-aged varieties of maize, using proper irrigation scheduling and applying about 9500 m3/ha of irrigation water in Karaj region under sprinkler irrigation method, can lead to an increase in maize WUE up to 1 kg/m-3 or more.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1519
1528
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85916_adfd679a3768c431aab6d73231badf33.pdf
Interaction of Water and Nitrogen on Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Corn (Zea of mays) under Drip-Tape Irrigation Management
Mahsa Sadat
Tabatabaei
Department of Water Engineering College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
author
Mahdi
Gheysari
Department of Water Engineering College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran http://gheysari.iut.ac.ir
author
Jahangir
Abedi Kupaee
Professor, Department of Water Engineering Faculty of Agricalture, Isfahan University., Isfahan., Iran
author
Zahra
Amiri
Department of Water Engineering College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Water and nitrogen fertilizer management is essential for increasing water productivity, increasing product production and reducing environmental hazards in modern irrigation systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of water and nitrogen fertilizer on total biomass (TB) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of silage maize under drip-tape irrigation system. Four irrigation levels, including two deficit irrigation levels (W1=0.86ETc, W2=0.93ETc), a full irrigation level (W3=ETc), and an over irrigation level (W4=1.06ETc) and three nitrogen fertilizer levels, including no nitrogen fertilizer (N0), 150 kg N ha-1 (N150), and 200 kg N ha-1 (N200) were considered. The twelve experimental treatments arranged in a strip-plot design with complete randomized blocks with three replicates. The studied indices were stem height and diameter and total biomass during growth period. Irrigation management was performed, based on the calculation of corn evapotranspiration by using FAO-Penman Monteith (FPM) equation and soil moisture measurement in the root depth before each irrigation. The result showed that there was a significant effect of irrigation on total biomass and IWUE (P < 0.05). There was a significant effect of nitrogen on TB and WUE (P < 0.01). The minimum TB obtained for W1N0 treatment, 14537 kg/ha, and the maximum TB obtained for W4N200 treatment, 27893 kg/ha. The minimum IWUE for total biomass was 3.09 kg/m3 for W2 level and maximum was 3.57 kg/m3 for W4 level. Overall, TB and IWUE increased with increasing nitrogen. In general, the results showed that drip-tape irrigation system through increasing irrigation efficiency and decrease of soil surface evaporation would save water consumption and increase the water use efficiency and yield production.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1529
1539
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_86031_e6018b60e6394ee439f7d43d7a73ee31.pdf
Application of Hydro-Economic Model in Assessing Pricing Scenarios of Agricultural Water and Their Intersectoral Effects (Case Study: Irrigation Districts in Downstream of Zayandehrud Dam)
Davood
Rajabi
PhD Candidate, Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Sayed-Farhad
Mousavi
Professor, Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
Abbas
Roozbahani
Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Investigation of the effects of irrigation water price changes is one of the primary economic measures in managing water demands in Iran. However, imposing any policy in this sector would result in inter-sectoral (economic, social and environmental) consequences. Identification of these consequences helps the water managers and authorities to find the optimum price for this valuable input. In this article, using the hydro-economic model, the current agricultural economic conditions within the six irrigation districts located in downstream of Zayandehrud Dam, Isfahan, Iran, was simulated for the base year of 2014-2015. Along with the optimal water allocation, effects of specific pricing scenarios in these irrigation districs on economic, social and environmental indices were then assessed. Results of the study revealed that effects of pricing scenarios (increasing the irrigation water price) have negative impacts on the farmers’ revenue, employment in agricultural sector and water consumption, and positive or fixed impacts on energy balance index. Finally, by considering the importance of intersectoral consequences of selected pricing scenarios, the existing water price (based on the stabilization of agricultural water price law) is selected as suitable water price in Nekoabad, Mahyar and Jarghooye, and Borkhar Irrigation Districs (225, 195 and 205 Rials/m3, respectively). Meanwhile, this important item (the economic value of water) was obtained as 3249, 3002 and 3438 Rials/m3 in Abshar, Rudasht and Traditional Irrigation Districts, respectively.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1540
1552
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_86032_073bcbcddda121ccb48954124f6d5359.pdf
Laboratory simulation of the effect of wastewater recharge on the transfer of phosphate contamination to aquifer (Case study: Arak Plain)
FIROOZEH
MAZAHERI
MSc student, Water & Science engineering department, Arak University
author
Javad
Mozaffari
Water &amp; Science engineering department, Arak University
author
mohamad javad
nahvinia
water sciences and engineering department, agriculture and natural resources Fctuly, Arak university
author
text
article
2019
per
In this research, Gavkhaneh area located in the north of Arak was selected to investigate the effect of wastewater recharge on aquifer contamination. For this purpose, layers in the unsaturated zone of the region were simulated to the surface of the ground using cylindrical columns made of PVC with a diameter of 25 cm. Three columns of soil were considered at 2, 2 and 1 meters respectively.Also, to study the effect of zeolite filter, the first column of soil was considered in two treatments of without Zeolite and with Zeolite. For implementation of artificial recharge with wastewater, two strategies of permanent submerging for 20 days and submerging-dryness for 40 days (one day of submerging and one day of drying) were used. The amount of phosphate for the input and output of wastewater was measured. The results show a high percentage of removal of phosphate in soil layers up to 75%. Also, better removal of phosphate in the second layer with heavier soil was done than the other two layers. The application of zeolite also has no effect on the reduction of phosphate levels. Finally, studies have shown that the submerging-dryness strategy is more effective than permanent submerging to remove phosphate. So that final absorption increased in the first layer up to 15% and in the third layer up to 16% than to permanent submerging. But in the second layer with a heavier texture, no change in final absorption was achieved.
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1553
1562
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85917_5103a5e754c0a22e028a511c96a4bd63.pdf
Effect of different intervals of tape drip irrigation on wheat yield and water use efficiency
Abdolmajid
Delavarpoor
daneshjo
author
Mehdi
Zakerinia
GORGAN
author
MOUSA
HESAM
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
author
text
article
2019
per
Irrigation is known as one of the most important factors in the production of grains in dry climate. The present irrigation method used for wheat and alfalfa production is mainly surface irrigation (Basin, Border, and furrow) and this method consumes more water and has less water efficiency than innovative irrigation methods. Using pressurized irrigation systems can both save water and increase water use efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using strip drip irrigation in winter wheat. In order to determine the most suitable distance between irrigation tapes and find out the effect of Alternate Partial Root Drying (APRD) on water use efficiency, yield and components of wheat yield , a factorial experiment with 6 treatments and three replications was conducted in Pelband plain-Khorasan Razavi province- in 2016-2017. Then, water consumed, yield and its component yield were compared in traditional flooding method - conventional flooding. The treatments applied in this research consisted of drip-tape irrigation with distance of 50 cm (I1) and 60 cm (I2) and 70 cm (I3) and three intermittent drip-tape irrigation with spacing of 50 cm (I4) and 60 cm (I5) And 70 cm (I6) and all of them with three repetitions. The results of mean square variance analysis showed significant difference in tape irrigation distance and wheat component on, yield and water use efficiency was significant at 1% level, and irrigation interval on number of pancakes, number of seeds in the cluster, stem height, Yield and water use efficiency were significant at 1% level and significant differences were observed on 1000 grain weight at 5% level. And the interaction effects on 1000 grain weight and grain number per cluster was not significant, but there was a significant difference between the number of pancakes and the level of 1%. Also, stem height and yield and water use efficiency at 5% level were statistically significant Had The highest yield and water use efficiency related to the irrigation bar spacing 50 and fixed irrigation type were 4958 kg / ha and 1. 57 kg / m3, respectively, and the least irrigation bar spacing were 50 with alternating irrigation it is equal to 3005 kg / ha and 95 / kg / m3 respectively. The performance and efficiency of water use in irrigation were measured at 5030 kg / ha and 1.05 kg / m3 respectively. The results of this study showed that irrigation intervals of 50, 60 and 70 cm with irrigation method were recommended for wheat cultivation in the study area. the irrigation bar spacing 50 with fixed type is more better than furrow irrigation in drought years, because of saving water around 1620 cubic meters and less than 500 kilograms decrease performance .
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Iranian Irrigation and Drainage Association
2008-7942
12
v.
6
no.
2019
1563
1573
https://idj.iaid.ir/article_85918_748d9134058ba7cb4d5747c6cff5cca9.pdf