اندازه‌گیری و شبیه‌سازی جریان آب و جذب ریشه در خاک تحت سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی درخت سیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، پژوهشکده مطالعات دریاچه ارومیه، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه ارومیه، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان اردبیل

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف اندازه‌گیری جریان آب در خاک و جذب آب ریشه در یک پلات 2 × 2 متر در یک باغ سیب 15 ساله تحت سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی در شهرستان میاندوآب انجام و با سناریوهای مختلف در نرم‌افزار HYDRUS-2D شبیه‌سازی شد. قطره‌چکان‌ها در عمق 30 سانتی‌متری و به فاصله 1 متر از تنه درخت نصب گردیدند. رطوبت حجمی خاک با استفاده از دستگاه TDR به صورت روزانه به مدت 4 ماه اندازه‌گیری شد. به منظور واسنجی معادلات روابط جذب آب ریشه، نمونه‌هایی از ریشه به همراه خاک از نقاط مختلف در محدوده توسعه برداشت شد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین و کمترین مقدار جذب آب ریشه به ترتیب به میزان 129/0 و 024/0 سانتی‌متر مکعب بر سانتی‌متر مکعب در مختصات (عمقی ، شعاعی) (50 ، 60) سانتی‌متر و (75 ، 150) سانتی‌متر از تنه درخت اتفاق افتاد. همچنین، حدود 81 درصد جذب آب ریشه از عمق 50-0 سانتی‌متری صورت گرفت. مقادیر RMSE (0193/0 – 0141/0) نشان داد نرم‌افزار HYDRUS-2D تخمین مناسبی از رطوبت حجمی خاک را در سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی داشت. مقایسه سناریوهای مختلف شبیه‌سازی شده در HYDRUS-2D با نتایج اندازه‌گیری‌های مزرعه‌ای نشان داد با کاهش دبی قطره‌چکان به میزان 2 لیتر بر ثانیه و افزایش مدت زمان آبیاری ( با حجم آب کاربردی یکسان) جذب آب ریشه به میزان 08/5 درصد افزایش و نفوذ عمقی به میزان 18/2 درصد کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Measurement and simulation of the water flow and root uptake in soil under subsurface drip irrigation of apple tree

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Nazari 1
  • Sina Besharat 2
  • Kamran Zeinalzadeh 3
  • Adel Mohammadi 4
1 Ph.D. student of Department of Water Engineering, Urmia University
2 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
3 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Urmia Lake Research Institute, University of Urmia., Urmia., Iran.
4 Ph.D. in irrigation and drainage, Ardabil Agricultural Jihad Organization
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to measure water flow and root uptake under the soil in a 2 m × 2 m plot around an apple tree 15 years old under subsurface drip irrigation in Miandoab region and simulated by different scenarios in HYDRUS-2D software. The emitters were installed at a depth of 30 cm and a distance of 1 m from the trunk of tree. The soil water content was measured daily using a TDR device for 4 months. In order to calibrate of root water uptake equations, samples from root and soil were collected from different parts of root development zone. The results showed that the highest and lowest amount of root water uptake were 0.129 and 0.024 cm3.cm-3, respectively, that occurred in the coordinates (radial, deep), (60 cm, 50 cm) and (150 cm, 75 cm) from the tree trunk, respectively. Approximately 81% of root water uptake was at a depth of 0-50 cm. The amounts of RMSE (0.0141- 0.0193), showed that, the HYDRUS-2D software can have an appropriate estimate from soil water content in subsurface drip irrigation. Comparison of different scenarios simulated in HYDRUS-2D with the results of field measurements showed that by reducing the emitter discharge by 2 lit/h and increasing the irrigation duration (in the constant amount of water used), the root water uptake increased by 5.08% and deep penetration decreased by 2.18% compared to actual condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emitter
  • Subsurface drip irrigation
  • Root uptake
  • HYDRUS-2D software

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نشریه آبیاری و زهکشی ایران
دوره 13، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 78
بهمن و اسفند 1398
صفحه 1806-1809

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