Qualitative Assessment of the Coastal Plain of Urmia using the Modified GALDIT Vulnerability Method

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor

2 Graduate in Water Structures Engineering, Water Resources Engineer, Sardasht Township Office, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

4 M.Sc. Student of Civil Engineering-Hydraulic Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh , Maragheh, Iran

Abstract

Sea water intrusion is a major environmental threat to groundwater resources in coastal areas, where groundwater is the main source of water supply in demotic agriculture sections, etc. Due to the over-exploitation of this source, we are witnessing increased pollution in coastal aquifers. In this study, the GALDIT method was used to assess the water vulnerability in the Urmia plain. Then, to improve the model accuracy, the two parameters i (hydraulic gradient) and P (pumping rate), were added to GALDIT. The results of the correlation coefficient between the GALDIT and GALDIT-iP indices with the parameter of EC showed that the correlation coefficient was increased from 0.42 to 0.66, which showed a significant improvement for the modified model. Therefore, the GALDIT map presents a more accurate vulnerability. The results also showed that the vulnerability index is high in the eastern and central parts of the plain and the areas near the coast of the plain, and also the index is low in the western parts and the areas distant from the coast. Also, the sensitivity analysis for removing the model parameters showed that the change of the vulnerability index by removing the status of Impact of seawater intrusion (I) in GALDIT and the hydraulic gradient (i) in GALDIT-iP is more than other parameters. Then, based on the single-parameter sensitivity analysis, the aquifer type (G) and thickness (T) are the most effective parameters in both methods, and in addition, the hydraulic gradient and pumping rate are effective parameters in evaluating the GALDIT-iP index. Overall, the results of the study showed that by using the modified GALDIT method, the percentage of areas swept by the high and very high vulnerability indices increased, while the areas with very low to medium vulnerability indices decreased.

Keywords

References

آقازاده، ن.، اصغری مقدم، الف. و صمدی، ن. 1389. ارزیابی نفوذ آب شور دریاچه ارومیه به آب خوان ساحلی میان دشت قالقاچی. مجله پژوهش­های حفاظت آب‌وخاک. 17 (4): 25-46.
بردبار، م.، نشاط، الف.ر. و جوادی، س. 1397. استفاده از مدل‌های Fuzzy و AHP برای اصلاح مدل GALDIT در ارزیابی آسیب­پذیری آبخوان ساحلی. مجله تحقیقات منابع آب ایران. 15 (1): 314-326
شرکت آب منطقه­ای آذربایجان غربی، گزارشات پایه منابع آب، 1395.
محمود پور، ه.، جنت رستمی، س. و اشرف زاده، الف. 1398. ارزیابی کیفی آبخوان ساحلی دشت تالش با استفاده از مدل آسیب­پذیری DRASTIC اصلاح‌شده. مجله علوم آب‌وخاک. 24 (3): 97-118
نخعی، م.، ودیعتی، م. و محمدی، خ. 1393. ارزیابی آسیب­پذیری نفوذ آب شور دریاچه ارومیه به آبخوان ساحلی با استفاده از مدل GALDIT. مجله زمین‌شناسی مهندسی و محیط‌زیست. 24 (95): 223-230
Castany, G. 1982. Principes et methods de l hydrogeologie, Dunod, Paris, 236p
Chachadi, A. G., Lobo Ferreira, J. P., Noronha, L. and Choudri, B. S. 2002. Assessing the impact of sea-level rise on salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers using GALDIT model, COASTIN newsletter. 7. 27-32.
Cherkaoui Dekkaki, H., Ben Ali, M., Ait Taleb, A., Myzy, H., Hassani Zerrouk, M. and Mesmoudi, A. 2018. Evaluation of intrinsic vulnerability against seawater intrusion using the GALDIT approach. JOURNAL OF Materials and Environmental Sciences. 9: 107-112
Gontara, M., Allouche, N., Jmal, I. and Bouri, S. 2016. Sensitivity analysis for the GALDIT method based on the assessment of vulnerability to pollution in the northern Sfax coastal aquifer, Tunisia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 9: 1–15.
Gorgij, A.D., Moghaddam, AA. 2016. Vulnerability Assessment of saltwater intrusion using simplified GAPDIT method. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 9(2): 1-13.
Lobo-Ferreira, J. P. and Cabral, M. 1991. Proposal for an Operational Definition of Vulnerability for the European Community’s Atlas Groundwater Resource. In: Meeting of the European Institute for Water, Groundwater Work Group, Brussels.
Lodwick, W. A., Monson, W. and Svoboda, L. 1990. Attribute error and sensitivity analysis of map operations in geographical information systems. International Journal of Geographic Information System. 4(4): 413-428.
Mavriou, Z. 2018. Contribution to the Development of Aquifers Conceptual Models in Rhodes Island. Applicationof GALDIT Method. Master’s Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece.
Moazamnia, M., Hassanzadeh, Y., Nadiri, A. A. and Sadeghfam, S. 2020. Vulnerability indexing to saltwater intrusion from models at two levels using artificial intelligence multiple model (AIMM). Journal of environmental management. 255: 109871.
Napolitano, P. and Fabbri, A.G. 1996. Single-parameter sensitivity analysis for aquifer vulnerability assessment using DRASTIC and SINTACS. Proceedings of the Vienna conference on HydroGIS 96: Application of geographic information systems in hydrology and water resources management, IAHS Pub. 235:559-566.
Parizi, E., Hosseini, SM., Ataie-ashtiani, B., Simmons, CT. 2018. Vulnerability Mapping of Coastal Aquifers to Seawater Intrusion : Review, Development and Application. Journal of hydrology. 570: 555-573.
Recinos, N., Kallioras, A., Pliakas, F. and Schuth, C., 2014. Application of GALDIT index to assess the intrinsic vulnerability to seawater intrusion of coastal granular aquifers. Environ. Earth Sci. 59: 72. 1866-6299.
Revelle, R. 1941 Criteria for Recognition of Sea Water in Ground Waters. JOURNAL OF Transactions American Geophysical Union. 22:593-597.
Sadeghfam, S., Khatibi, R., Daneshfaraz, R. and Rashidi, H. B. 2020. Transforming vulnerability indexing for saltwater intrusion into risk indexing through a fuzzy catastrophe scheme. Water Resources Management. 34(1): 175-194.
Samey, AA. and Gang, C. 2008. A GIS based DRASTIC Model for the assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to pollution in West Mitidja: Blida City, Algeria. Research Journal of Applied Sciences. 3:500–507
 
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 91
March and April 2022
Pages 55-67

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics