ارزیابی اثر اسیدشویی بر کاهش گرفتگی قطره‌چکان‌ها، کارایی سیستم آبیاری قطره‌ای و خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زارعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

از آنجا که غالباً اساسی‌ترین مشکل سیستم آبیاری قطره‌ای، گرفتگی قطره‌چکان‌هاست، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر سولفوریک اسید بر کاهش گرفتگی قطره‌چکان‌‌ها و تأثیر اسید خروجی بر خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک مناطق مورد مطالعه صورت پذیرفت. لذا آزمایش‌هایی در سال زراعی 96-1395 در سه باغ پسته با بافت خاک مختلف (باغات علی‌آباد، شریف‌آباد و زالون‌آباد) در شهر قم انجام شد. بدین‌منظور ضریب تغییرات (CV) و معادله آبدهی قطره‌چکان مورد نظر (نتافیم 8 لیتر بر ساعت) تعیین گردید. همچنین یکنواختی پخش آب (EU)، ضریب یکنواختی (CU)، تغییرات دبی قطره‌چکان (Qvar) و ضریب یکنواختی آماری (Uc) قبل و بعد از اسید شویی اندازه‌گیری و کارایی و عملکرد سیستم آبیاری قطره‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین گرفتگی قطره‌چکان‌ها در منطقه علی‌آباد، شریف‌آباد و زالون‌آباد قبل از اسیدشویی به‌ترتیب 4/06، 30/3 و 5/15 درصد و بعد از اسید شویی به‌ترتیب 1/22، 8/43 و 1/24 درصد بود. میانگین گشودگی قطره‌چکان‌های منطقه علی‌آباد، شریف‌آباد و زالون‌آباد به‌ترتیب 4/23، 35/7 و 4/72 درصد و حداقل-حداکثر گشودگی در این مناطق 25-0/71 و 112/41-2/47- و 10/65-1/89 درصد تعیین گردید. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های یکنواختی پخش آب، ضریب یکنواختی، تغییرات دبی قطره‌چکان و ضریب یکنواختی آماری در سه منطقه علی‌آباد، شریف‌آباد و زالون‌آباد قبل از اسید شویی به‌ترتیب 92/4، 97/6، 0/21 و 96/06 درصد، 55/3، 84/6، 9/0 و 78/7 درصد و 91/2، 97/2، 18/6 و 95/8 درصد و بعد از اسیدشویی به‌ترتیب 96/4، 95/2، 0/12 و 94/4 درصد، 80، 88/5، 0/91 و 82 درصد و 96/6، 95/5، 13/2 و 94/4 درصد بود که نشان داد سولفوریک اسید تأثیر بسزایی در کاهش گرفتگی قطره‌چکان‌ها دارد. ارزیابی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک قبل و بعد از اسیدشویی نیز نشان از تغییر در این خصوصیات و کاهش شوری خاک به علت واکنش سولفوریک اسید با کربنات‌های موجود در خاک پس از اسیدشویی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Acid Washing on the reduction of Dripper Clogging, Drip Irrigation System Efficiency and Soil Chemical characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Rezaei Rad 1
  • Abdolrahim hooshmand 2
  • Masoud Pourgholam-Amiji 1
  • Mohammad Mehdi Doust Mohammadi 3
1 Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of, irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effect of sulfuric acid on the reduction of drip clogging and the effect of acid on the efficiency of the drip irrigation system used and soil chemical characteristics, an experiment was conducted at three sites with different soil textures in the crop year 2016-2017 in Qom. These fields included Aliabad, Sharifabad, and Zalunabad. For this purpose, the coefficient of variation (CV) and the desired dripper flow equation (Netafim 8 liters per hour) were determined. Moreover, water distribution uniformity (EU), uniformity coefficient (CU), dripper flow rate changes (Qvar), and statistical uniformity coefficient (Uc) before and after acid washing were measured and the efficiency and performance of the drip irrigation system were evaluated. The average dripper openings of Aliabad, Sharifabad, and Zalunabad were 4.23, 35.7, and 4.72%, respectively, and the minimum-maximum opening ranges in these areas were determined to be 0.71-25%, and -2.47-112-41 and 1.89-10.65. The results also showed that the indices of water distribution uniformity, uniformity coefficient, drip flow rate changes, and statistical uniformity coefficient in three regions of Aliabad, Sharifabad, and Zalunabad before acid washing were 92.4, 97.6, 0.21, and 96.06%, 55.3, 84.6, 0.9 and 78.7% and 91.2, 97.2, 18.6 and 95.8%, respectively. These indices after acid washing were determined to be 96.4, 95.2, 0.12, and 94.4%, 0 and 94.4, 80, 88.5, 0.91, and 82%, and 96.6, 95.5, 13.2, and 94.4%, respectively. Accordingly, sulfuric acid has a significant effect on the reduction of dripper clogging. The evaluation of the chemical properties of the soil before and after acid washing also showed a change in these properties and a decrease in soil salinity due to the reaction of sulfuric acid with carbonates in the soil after acid washing.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pressure Irrigation
  • Sulfuric Acid
  • Netafim Dripper
  • Water Quality
  • Openness

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نشریه آبیاری و زهکشی ایران
دوره 17، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 97
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 87-101

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