Water Security Assessment in Arid Climates Based on Water Footprnt Concept (case study; south khorasan province)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Researcher of Khavaran Environmental Research Group., Iran

2 Senior expert in executive management., Iran

Abstract

South Khorasan province, with an average annual rainfall of 180 to 200 mm, Average annual production of over 490 thousand tons of agricultural products, overdraft more than 138 million cubic from groundwater, takes place so ‌ of 24 Prairie Independent State, 13 Plains Forbidden, 2 Plains  critical prohibited ,  3 Plains proposed ban. In this study, the average virtual water crops in South Khorasan Province was about 1312 cubic meters per ton of product and agricultural water use efficiency is 0.62 . As a result, rice imported about 7.76 million cubic meters of water in virtual form due to agricultural product trade in 2008 to 2012. During this period, the largest volume of virtual water export was tomato sauce, potato and apple which declined from 24.5 to 17.2 million cubic meters. In 2012, the net water requirement in potential condition for food security of 662,534 populations was about 723 million cubic meters. To achieve food security, requires about 448 thousand tons of food supplies, taking into account the actual conditions and efficiencies of 35%; we need about 2065 million cubic meters of water to form a virtual. The water footprint of province was 1142 million cubic meters or 1723.7 cubic meters per capita per year.

Keywords

References

تجریشی،م و ابریشم­چی،ا. 1383. مدیریت تقاضای منابع آب در کشور، مجموعه مقالات اولین همایش روش­های پیشگیری از اتلاف منابع ملی
عربی یزدی،ا.، علیزاده، ا و محمدیان،ف. 1388. بررسی رد پای اکولوژیک آب در بخش کشاورزی ایران. مجله علمی پژوهشی علوم آب و خاک. جلد 23، شماره 4، ص 1-15
مظاهری،د. 1381، امنیت غذایی در ایران. فرهنگستان علوم جمهوری اسلامی ایران.
Alizadeh,A and Keshavarz,A. 2005. Status of agricultural water use in Iran. Water Conservation, Reuse and Recycling: Procceding of an Iranian-American Workshop, www.nap.Edu/catalog/1124.html.
Allan,J.A. 2003. Virtual water eliminates water wars? A case study from the Middle East. Virtual water trade, in A.Y. Hoekstra, (ed.), processing of the international expert meeting on virtual water trade, Value of the Water Research Report Series No. 12, Delft, the Netherlands, IHE.
Allan,J.A. 1998. Virtual water: A strategic resource, global solution to regional deficits, Groundwater 36:4.545-546,.
Allan,J.A. 1993. Fortunately there are Substitutes for Water Otherwise our Hydro-political Futures would be Impossible. In Priorities for Water Resources Allocation and Management. London, United Kingdom: ODA: 13–26.
Chapagain,A.K and Hoekstra,A.Y.  2004. Water footprint of nations. Value of the Water Research Report Series No. 16, UNESCO-IHE, Delft., the Netherlands.
Chapagain,A.K., Hoekstra,A.Y and Savenije,H.H.G. 2005. Saving water through global trade. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 17, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands.
Chapagain,A.K, Hoekstra,A.Y and Savenije,H.H.G. 2006. Water saving through international trade of agricultural products. Journal of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 10,455-468.
Chapagain,A.K., Hoekstra,A.Y., Savenije.H.H.G and GautamوR. 2006. The water footprint of cotton consumption : An assessment of the impact of worldwide consumption of cotton products on the water resources in the cotton producing countries. Ecological Economics 60:1.186-203.
Falkenmark,M. 1995. Coping with Water Scarcity under rapid Population growth. Conference of SADC Ministers, Pretoria, November, 23-24.
Hoekstra,A.Y. 2003. Virtual water trade: processing of the international expert meeting on virtual water trade. Value of the Water Research Report Series No. 12, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands.
Hoekstra,A.Y and Chapagain,A.K.  2007. Water footprint of nations :water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Water Resource Management 21:1.35-48.
Hoekstra,A.Y and Hung,P.Q. 2002. Virtual water trade: A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade. Value of the Water Research Report Series. No. 11, UNESCO-IHE, Delft.
Hoekstra,A.Y and Hung,P.Q.  2005. Globalization of water resources : International virtual water flows in relation to crop trade. Global Environmental Change 15:1.45-56
Hoekstra,A.Y and Mekonnen,M.M. 2011. The water footprint of humanity, Department of Water Engineering and Management, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
Mekonnen,M.M and Hoekstra,A.Y.  2011. National water footprint accounts: The green, blue and grey water footprint of production and consumption, Volume 1: Main Report, Research Report Series No. 50
Obuobie,E., Gachanja,P.M and Dorr,A.C. 2005. The Role of Green water in Food Trade. Term paper for the Interdisciplinary Course, International Doctoral Studies. Center of Development Research University of Bonn.
Postel,s. 1994. The last unit. Water; critical matter. Translated by Vahab zadeh and Alizadeh. Jahad publication of mashhad.
Ringersma,J. 2003. Optimizing green water use and improved crop water productivity under rainfed agriculture in Sub-Sahara Africa. ISRIC Abstract of a data search and literature study. http://www.isric.nl/Greenwater/Green%20water%20ABSTRACT.doc.
Van oel,P.R., Mekonnen,M.M and Hoekstra.A.A. 2008. The external water footprint of the Netherlands: Quantification and impact assessment. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 33, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands.
Verma,s., Kampman,D.A., Van der zaag,P and Hoekstra,A.Y.  2008. Going against the flow: A critical analysis of virtual water trade in the context of India's national river linking programme. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 31, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands.
Turton,A.R. 2000. Precipitation, people, pipelines and power: Towards a political ecology discourse of water in solution Africa. Political ecology: science, myth and power, 132-153.
 
Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Volume 8, Issue 4 - Serial Number 48
November and December 2014
Pages 735-746

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics