Lake and Reservoir Evaporation: Energy Balance Estimations, Evaluation of Combination and Radiation− Temperature Methods

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph. D student, Water Engineering Dept., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad., Mashhad., Iran

2 Professor, Water Engineering Dept., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad., Mashhad., Iran

3 Assistant professor,Water Engineering Dept., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad., Mashhad., Iran

4 Assistant professor,Water Engineering Dept., University of Guilan., Rasht., Iran

Abstract

Reservoir operations and development of new storage and water accounting strategies require more accurate evaporation estimates especially for Doosti dam reservoir as most important drinking water resource of Mashhad in arid conditions. In this study an attempt has been made to estimate evaporation from Doosti dam reservoir using combination and radiation−temperature methods based on energy balance method. For this reason, 10 evaporation estimation methods in some categories as energy balance, pan, radiation− temperature and combination group have been used. According to limited data especially for energy balance method, the field measurements of the dam were conducted for one year.The lake energy balance yields annual evaporation of 69.9 mcm. Annual evaporation estimations resulted from other methods ranged between 39 to 99 mcm. According to the assessments, evaporation values from Jensen−Haise, Makkink, Penman and deBruin methods compared most favorably with energy balance method determined values. Methods that rely only on measurement of air temperature, or air temperature and sunshine data (Jensen−Haise and Makkink), because of their simplicity, least sensitivity and high accuracy, were relatively cost−effective options for measuring evaporation at this reservoir, outperforming some methods that require measurement of a greater number of variables. 

Keywords


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