کاربرد شاخص تنش آبی گیاه برای زمان‌بندی تک آبیاری گندم دیم (مطالعه موردی در بالادست حوضه کرخه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استاد گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

 این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی امکان کاربرد شاخص تنش آبی گیاه برای زمان­بندی تک آبیاری بهاره گندم دیم در بالادست حوضه آبریز کرخه (به‌طور خاص منطقه هنام در استان لرستان) طی سال زراعی 94-1393 انجام گردید. بدین منظور در منطقه هنام سه مزرعه گندم دیم در عرصه کشاورزان به‌عنوان مزارع پژوهش انتخاب گردید. هر مزرعه به دو بخش تقسیم گردید. بخش اول در شرایط مدیریت دیم و بخش دوم تحت مدیریت تک آبیاری بهاره با عمق ثابت 60 میلی­متر بود. زمان اعمال تک آبیاری بهاره در مزارع شماره 1 تا 3 متفاوت و به ترتیب در سه مرحله آغاز سنبله­دهی، میانه گل­دهی (گرده افشانی) و اوایل دانه­بندی گندم بود. میزان رطوبت خاک تا عمق توسعه ریشه (60 سانتی­متر از سطح خاک) و دمای پوشش سبز گیاه طی روزهای مختلف در مراحل گل­دهی و دانه­بندی اندازه­گیری گردید. پس از تعیین مقادیر حدود مبنای پایین و بالا، مقادیر شاخص تنش آبی (CWSI) در مدیریت­های مختلف تعیین گردید. حد پایینی (خط مبنای پایین CWSI) برای گندم دیم در منطقه هنام به­صورت رابطه Tc – Ta = -2.089 VPD + 2.28 و حد مبنای بالا شاخص مذکور برابر 2/6 درجه سانتی‌گراد به دست آمد. آستانه تنش آبی برای گندم دیم به میزان 36/0 تعیین گردید. دمای پوشش سبز گیاه معادل آستانه مذکور برابر 4/26 درجه سانتی‌گراد حاصل گردید. تغییرات شاخص CWSI در مدیریت­های مختلف اعمال‌شده در مزارع پژوهشی با تغییرات عملکرد دانه همبستگی 83 درصد را نشان داد. همچنین ﺑﯿﻦ دﻣﺎی ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺒﺰ گیاه و ﻣﯿﺰان آب ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﭘﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﺧﺎک (در عمق توسعه ریشه گندم دیم) ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ مشاهده شد (R2=0.78).

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Scheduling Single Irrigation for Rainfed Wheat Using Crop Water Stress Index (Case study: the upper part of the Karkheh basin)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Dehghanisanij 1
  • Mohammad Mehdi Nakhjavanimoghaddam 2
  • Bijan Ghahraman 3
1 Associate Professor Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI)., Agricultural Research., Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)., Karaj., Iran
2 Assistant professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI.), Agricultural Research., Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)., Karaj., Iran
3 Professor, Water Engineering Department., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad., Mashhad., Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to study scheduling of single irrigation for rain-fed wheat using crop water stress index (CWSI) for arid and semiarid regions of Honam plain located in upstream of Karkheh River Basin of Iran during 2004-2005. Three cultivated rain-fed wheat were selected to conduct the treatments. Each farm separated to 2 part: (1) rain-fed (2) single irrigation in spring by depth of 60 cm. Application of single irrigation was different in 3 farms which were in heading, flowering, and milk stages accordingly. Soil water content in 60 cm soil depth and canopy temperature in flowering and milk development stages was measured in different times. CWSI was evaluated when upper and lower base line for non-transpiring were determined. Lower and upper baseline for non-transpiring was Tc –Ta = -2.089 VPD + 2.28 and 6.2oC accordingly and CWSI and canopy temperature was 0.36 and 26.4. CWSI and yield variation were in 83% agreement.  Moreover, wheat canopy temperature and soil water content showed a high agreement (R2) of 0.78. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Canopy temperature
  • Honam
  • Irrigation management
  • Water stress threshold

مراجع

دهقانی سانیج،ح. 1395. ارزیابی و توسعه کاربرد مناسب‌ترین عوامل مدیریتی بر بهره­وری آب گندم آبی و دیم در بخش علیای حوضه کرخه. گزارش نهایی موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی.
شیر محمدی،ز. 1379. بررسی اثر مقدار آب آبیاری بر دمای پوشش سبز و عملکرد گیاه زعفران. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز.
فیضی اصل،و. ، فتوت،ا.، آستارایی،ع.ر.، لکزیان،ا و موسوی شلمانی،م.ا.  1393. ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻮازﻧﻪ آﺑﯽ و ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ آن در ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه. ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ آب و ﺧﺎک (ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﮐﺸﺎورزی). 13.4: 804 تا 818.
ناظم ‌السادات،س.م.ج.، کامگار حقیقی،ع. ا و سپاس‌خواه،ع.ر. 1378. استفاده از درجه حرارت پوشش سبز گیاه جهت زمان‌بندی آبیاری چغندرقند. مجموعه مقالات هفتمین سمینار آبیاری و کاهش تبخیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، صفحات 562 تا 577.
Acevedo,E., Silva,P and Silva,H. 2002. Wheat growth and physiology. p 53-89. In: B.C. Curtis, S. Rajaram, H. Gómez Macpherson (eds). Bread wheat Improvement and Production. Cereals Officer, Crop and Grassland Service, FAO.
Alderfasi,A.A and Nielsen,D.C. 2001. Use of crop water stress index for monitoring water status and scheduling irrigation in wheat. Agricultural Water Management. 47: 69-75.
Anjum,S.A., Xie,X., Wang,L., Saleem,M.F., Man,C and Lei,W. 2011. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6.9: 2026-2032.
Barbosa da Silva,B and Ramana Rao,T.V. 2005. The CWSI variations of a cotton crop in a semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Journal of Arid Environments. 62.4: 649-659.
Bijanzadeh,E and Emam,Y. 2012. Evaluation of crop water stress index, canopy temperature and grain yield of five Iranian wheat cultivars under late season drought stress. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding. 2.1: 23-33.
Bosen, J. F. 1960. A formula for approximation of the saturation vapor pressure over water. Month. Weather Review. 88.8:275-276.
Clawson,K.L and Blad,B.L. 1982. Infrared thermometry for scheduling irrigation of corn. Agronomy Journal. 74:311-316.
Colaka,Y.B., Yazarb,A., Colakc,I., Akcaa,H and Duraktekina,G. 2015. Evaluation of crop water stress index (CWSI) for eggplant under varying irrigation regimes using surface and subsurface drip systems. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia. 4:372 – 382.
Copeland,S. 1989. Soil water potential as related to the crop water stress index of irrigated cotton. M. S. thesis, Dept. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. Page 107.
Elbashier,E.M.E., Tahir,I.S.A., Saad,A.I and Ibrahim,M.A.S. 2012. Wheat genotypic variability in utilizing nitrogen fertilizer for a cooler canopy under a heat-stressed irrigated environment. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 7.3: 385-392.
Gardner,B.R and Shock,C.C. 1989. Interpreting the crop water stress index. St. Joseph, MI: ASAE, 1989. ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers) Paper 89-2642.
Gardner,B.R., Nielsen,D.C and Shock,C.C. 1992. Infrared thermometry and the crop water stress index. I. History, theory, and baselines. Journal of Production Agriculture. 5:462-466.
Garrot,D.J., Ottman,D.D., Fangmeier,D.D and Hunman,S.H., 1994. Quantifying wheat water stress with the crop water stress index to schedule irrigations. Agronomy Journal. 86: 195-199.
Geiser,K.M., Slack,D.C and Allred,E.R. 1982. Irrigation scheduling using crop canopy-air temperature difference. Transactions of the ASAE 25:689-694.
Gontia,N.K and Tiwari,K.N. 2008. Development of crop water stress index of wheat crop for scheduling irrigation using infrared thermometry. Agricultural Water Management. 95:1144–1152.
Gonzalez-Dugo,M.P., Moran,M.S., Mateos,L and Bryant,R. 2005. Canopy temperature variability as an indicator of crop water stress severity. Irrigation Science. 24: 233-240.
Hiler,E.A and Clark,R.N. 1971. Stress day index to characterize effects of water stress on crop yield. Transactions of the ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers). 14.4:757-761.
Howell,T A., Hatfield,J.L., Yamada,H and Davis,K.R. 1984. Evaluation of cotton canopy temperature to detect crop water stress. Transactions of the ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers). 27:84-88.
Hundal,S.S. 2004. Climatic changes and their impact on crop productivity vis-a- vis mitigation and adaptation strategies. pp 148-153. In proceedings. of workshop “Sustainable Agricultural Problems and Prospects” Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Idso,S B. 1982. Non-water-stressed baselines: A key to measuring and interpreting plant water stress. Agricultural. Meteorology. 27:59-70.
Idso,S.B., Kackson,R.D., Pinter,P.J., Reginato,R.J and Hatfield,J.L. 1981. Normalizing the stress-degree-day parameter for environmental variability. Agricultural. Meteorology. 24:45-55.
Irmak,S., Haman,D.Z and Bastug,R. 2000. Determination of crop water stress index for irrigation timing and yield estimation of corn. Agronomy Journal. 92.6:1221-1234.
Jackson,R.D. 1982. Canopy temperature and crop water stress. In Advances in Irrigation, Volume 1. D.I. Hillel, Editor, Academic Press. Pp. 43-85.
Jackson,R.D., Idso,S.B., Reginato,R.J and Pinter,J. P.J. 1981. Canopy temperature as a crop water stress indicator. Water Resources Research. 17:1133.
Jackson,S H. 1991. Relationship between normalized leaf water potential and crop water stress index values for acala cotton Agricultural Water Management. 20:109-118.
Kırnak,H., Çopur,O., Doan,E., Bahçeci,I., Demir,S. and Tonkaz,T. 2005. Evaluation of relationship between crop water stress index and generative-fiber characteristics of cotton (in Turkish). GAP IV. Tarım Kong., Sanlıurfa, 21-23 September, pp. 1164-1171
Lopez,L.R., Arteaga,R.R., Sanchez,C.I., Ojeda,B.W and Gonzalez,L.V. 2011. Evapotranspiration and Crop Water Stress Index in Mexican Husk Tomatoes (Physalis Ixocarpa Brot). pp: 187-210. In: Evapotranspiration-From Measurements to Agricultural and Environmental Applications. Gerosa G (Editor). Intechwem. Organization.
Meijer,A.D. 2004. Characterizing a Crop Water Stress Index for Predicting Yield in Corn. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science. Crop Science. Pages 141.
Mohammadi,M., Karimizadeh,R and Naghavi,M.R. 2009. Selection of bread wheat genotypes against heat and drought tolerance based on chlorophyll content and stem reserves. Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences.
5 5:119–122.
O’Shaughnessy,S.A., Evett,S.R., Colaizzi,P.D and Howell,T.A. 2012. A crop water stress and time threshold for automatic irrigation scheduling of grain sorghum. Agricultural Water Management. 107:122-132.
O’toole,J.C., Turner,N.C., Namuco,O.P., Dingkuhn,M., Gomez,K.A. 1984. Comparison of some crop water stress measurement methods. Crop Science. 24: 1121–1128.
Reginato,R.J. 1983. Field quantification of crop water stress. Transactions of the ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers). 26:772-775.
Sepaskhah,A.R and Ilampour,S. 1996. Relationships between yield, crop water stress index (CWSI) and Transpiration of Cowpsa (Vigne Sinesis L), Agronomy. 16:269-279.
Sepaskhah,A.R and Kashefipoure,S M. 1994. Relationships between leaf water potential, CWSI, yield and fruit quality of Sweet Lime under drip irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 25:13-22.
Sneha,C., Santhoshkumar,A.V and Sunil,K.M. 2013. Quantifying water stress using crop water stress index in mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) seedlings. Current Science. 104. 3.
Stegman,E.C and Soderlund,M. 1992. Irrigation scheduling of spring wheat using infrared thermometry. Transactions of the ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers). 35:143-152.
Taghvaeian,S., Chávez,L.J and Hansen,N.C. 2012. Infrared Thermometry to Estimate Crop Water Stress Index and Water Use of Irrigated Maize in Northeastern Colorado. Remote Sensing. 4: 3619-3637.
Tanner,C.B. 1966. Plant temperature. Agronomy Journal. 58:210-211.
Ünlü,M., Kanber,R., Kapur,B., Tekin,S and Levent Koç,D. 2011. The crop water stress index (CWSI) for drip irrigated cotton in a semi-arid region of Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10.12:2258-2273.
Zhang,H.H, Rong,H.M., Young-Huan,L.I.U., Fei,L.I., Cui-Ping,W.U., Bin,Z and Ying,W.X. 2008. Effect of high temperature stress at late grain filling stage and nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on wheat grain yield and quality. Chinese Journal of Ecology 27.02: 162 –166.
Zia,S., Spohrer,K., Du,W., Spreer,W., Romano,G., He,X and Müller,J. 2011. Monitoring physiological responses to water stress in two maize varieties by infrared thermography. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 4.3: 7-15.
Zia,S., Du,W.Y., Spreer,W., Spohrer,K., He,X.K. and Müller,J. 2012. Assessing crop water stress of winter wheat by thermography under different irrigation regimes in North China Plain. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. . 5.3:1-11.
 
 
 
 
نشریه آبیاری و زهکشی ایران
دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 64
مهر و آبان 1396
صفحه 552-561

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار