ارایه معادله عمومی پسروی آب در آبیاری نواری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه زابل، مشهد، ایران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

تعیین منحنی پسروی جهت ارزیابی آبیاری نواری دارای اهمیت بسیاری می­باشد. با توجه به متغیر بودن نوع خاک و همچنین شرایط اولیه و مرزی در آبیاری نواری، سرعت پسروی آب در نوار­های مختلف بسیار متفاوت می­باشد. در سال­های اخیر روش مقیاس­سازی به عنوان ابزاری جهت کاهش داده­های اندازه­گیری و تدوین و فرموله کردن معادلات مربوط در مسایل آب و خاک مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. هدف از این پژوهش، ارایه معادله­ای یکتا و مستقل از شرایط اولیه و خاک، جهت پسروی آب در نوار با استفاده از مقیاس­سازی است. برای این منظور، آبیاری نواری با استفاده از مدل موج سینماتیک و کاربرد معادله نفوذ فیلیپ دو جمله­ای برای مولفه­ی نفوذ، حل گردید. عوامل مقیاس به گونه­ای تعریف شدند که معادله موج سینماتیک مستقل از شرایط اولیه و خاک گردد. نتایج نشان داد که عوامل مقیاس مورد استفاده در این تحقیق از توزیع لوگ- نرمال پیروی می­کنند. از آنجا که منحنی­های پسروی مقیاس­شده به معادله­ی مشخصی میل می­کردند در نتیجه، معادله­ی درجه 2 جهت پسرفت آب در نوار ارایه گردید. معادله­ی به­دست آمده با استفاده از مقیاس­سازی، برای 25 نوار شامل نوارهای کشت نشده و نوارهای کشت شده و شیب­های 001/0 تا 005/0، زبری 017/0 تا 211/0، طول 4/91 تا 100 متر و دبی 08/0 تا 16/0 مترمکعب بر دقیقه بر متر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. جهت ارزیابی، از چهار شاخص آماری ضریب تبیین (R2)، توزیع نسبت به خط 45 درجه (λ)، درصد متوسط خطای پیش­بینی مدل (Er) و درصد متوسط خطای نسبی مدل (Ea) استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که معادله ارایه گردیده با استفاده از مقیاس­سازی با 94/0R2=، 046/1=λ، 6/4=Er و 52/7=Ea به شکل مناسبی کار پیش­بینی منحنی پسروی را انجام می­دهد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین درصد مطلق خطا برای زمان پسروی در نوارهای کشت نشده برابر با 78/6 و برای نوارهای کشت شده برابر 08/8 بوده و دقت معادله ارایه گردیده برای هر دو شرایط کشت شده و کشت نشده مناسب می­باشد. به طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که معادله­ی به دست آمده از روش مقیاس­سازی، با توجه به شکل ساده و عدم وابستگی به نوع خاک، با دقت قابل قبولی پسروی آب در نوار را پیش­بینی می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

General equation for recession of water in border irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad mehdi chari 1
  • Kamran Davari 2
  • Bijan Ghahraman 2
  • Ali Naghi Ziaei 3
1 PhD student Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and faculty member university of zabol., Mashhad., Iran
2 Professor, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad., Mashhad., Iran
3 Associate Professor, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad., Iran
چکیده [English]

Determination of recession curve for evaluation of border irrigation is of prime importance. Due to variability of soil types, as well as initial and boundary conditions in border irrigation, water advance rate varies considerably indifferent borders. In recent years,scaling approach has been adopted to reduce number of measurements, and to formulate governing equations. The aim of this study was to develop a unique equation, independent of initial and boundary conditions, for evaluation of water recession in borders,by using scaling approach. For this purpose,we considered kinematic wave model and Philip’s 2-termequation for border irrigation. The scaling factor was defined, so as the kinematic wave equation is independent of initial conditions and soil properties.Results showed that the scaling factor follows Log-normal distribution. A quadratic equation was fitted to define recession of water. The equation was evaluated for 25 borders under cultivated and uncultivated and inciuding different slopes of 0.001 to 0.005, roughness of 0.017 to 0.211, length of 91.4 to 100 m and flow rate of 0.08 to 0.16 m3/min.m.For indices of coefficient of determination (R2), comparison with perfect line of agreement, percentage of model prediction error (Er), and percentage of average relative error (Ea) were used. The results showed that the proposed equation based on scaling performed well (R2 =0.94, λ=1.046, Er=4.6 and Ea=7.52). Results showed that the mean absolute percent error for recession time was 6.78 and 8.08  for uncultivated andcultivated border, respectively,which are nearly the same. On the overall, border recession was simulated under scaling method which is simple and independent of soil type.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Border irrigation
  • Recession
  • scaling
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