کمی کردن تنش ناشی از فعالیت‌های انسانی بر منابع آب زیرزمینی حوضه آبریز کرخه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری هواشناسی کشاورزی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

5 استادیار، گروه آمار، دانشکده علوم ریاضی و آمار، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

6 دانشیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی‌، کرج، ایران

چکیده

در دهه­های اخیر، افزایش چشم­گیر جمعیت و به تبع آن گسترش فعالیت­های اقتصادی، صنعتی و تغییر کاربری اراضی، منجر به اثرات گسترده بر امنیت منابع آب شده و مشکلات زیست- محیطی فراوانی را در نقاط مختلف جهان به وجود آورده است. به منظور مدیریت منابع آب به شیوه­ی پایدار، کمی کردن میزان تاثیر فعالیت­های انسانی بر موجودیت منابع آب به جهت کنترل عرضه و تقاضا، افزایش امنیت غذایی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. مطالعه حاضر با این هدف و به منظور ارایه یک شاخص ساده و کاربردی بر اساس پارامترهای معادله بیلان آب آبخوان، انجام شد. این شاخص بر پایه حجم مقادیر ورودی (hin) و خروجی (hout) انسانی به/یا از آبخوان و برای چهار رژیم مصرف آب شامل رژیم با حاکمیت طبیعی، رژیم با حاکمیت انسان، رژیم با زیادی آب و رژیم با کمبود آب تعریف شده است. پس از مشخص شدن وضعیت آبخوان­های حوضه بر اساس این روش و نیز محاسبه میزان اضافه برداشت آب در هریک از آبخوان­ها، به منظور بررسی امکان جابجایی مناطقی که رژیم کمبود آب را تجربه کرده­اند به منطقه با مصرف طبیعی آب، دو سناریوی سازگاری، تعریف و به کار گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که %50 از آبخوان­های حوضه کرخه در دوره مورد مطالعه به شدت تحت تاثیر فعالیت­های انسانی بوده­اند. بیش­ترین مقدار برداشت انسانی (471 میلی­متر بر سال) حوضه و در واقع حداکثر اضافه برداشت نسبت به ورودی طبیعی، مربوط به آبخوان اسدآباد بوده است. بر اساس دو سناریوی سازگاری در نظر گرفته شده، با کاهش 10 تا 30 درصدی فعالیت­های انسانی، حرکت از منطقه کمبود آب به منطقه با مصرف طبیعی آب را می­توان در بسیاری از آبخوان­های این حوضه انتظار داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantifying Stress of Human Activities on Availability of Groundwater Resources of Karkheh River Basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • batoul ashraf 1
  • amin alizadeh 2
  • mohammad Mousavi-Baygi 3
  • Mohammad Bannayan 4
  • mahdi JabbariNoghabi 5
  • Hossein Dehghanisanij 6
1 Ph.D student of Agrometeorology, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Professor, Water Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Professor, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
4 Professor, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Statistic, Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
6 Associate Researcher, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, dramatic global population growth along with other related factors such as economic and industrial development, land use/cover change has contributed to an overall effects on water security and environmental problems around the world. To sustainable water management, quantifying the impacts of human activities on local hydrological cycle and water yield is essential in order to control balance between water demand and supply and increasing water security. This paper aims to offer a better characterization of human activities on groundwater stress and sustainability. Herein, we presented an approach for evaluation of water budget to facilitate understanding of the entire flow system of the aquifer in order to inform sustainable water resources management. We used a simple approach for quantifying direct human-hydrologic interactions by analyzing the aquifers’ water budget including human withdrawals (Hout) and return flows (Hin) according to water-balance equation and then normalized them relative to the net flux (Net Flux). Based on the normalized values of human inflow and outflow, the water-use regimes can be classified as surcharged (S), depleted (D), natural-flow dominated (Nf), and human-flow dominated (Hf). In addition we determine groundwater overdraft as a ratio between human withdrawals (Hout) and Recharge (RT) in order to evaluate the flow condition relative to the human water use. Finally we considered two adaptation scenarios to investigate probability of shift of aquifers that are located to depleted regime area to natural-flow dominated area. The results show that half of the studied aquifers in the Karkheh River Basin are of natural-flow dominated type while the rest are depleted. The Asadabad aquifer shows the highest amount (471 mm/yr) of human withdrawals (Hout) in this basin; actually highest overdraft relative to natural recharge to aquifer. Based on investigation of adaption scenarios, we explored that considering adaptation scenarios and decreasing human activities between 10 to 30 percent can be very useful for some aquifers in this basin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aquifer
  • Return flow
  • Anthropogenic stress
  • water overdraft
  • Food security

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نشریه آبیاری و زهکشی ایران
دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 67
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1397
صفحه 13-24

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