برآورد تغییرات در تابع توزیع احتمال و تجمعی تجربی دبی اوج لحظه‌ای سالانه سیلاب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سری زمانی دبی اوج سالانه یک سری بسیار مهم در برنامه­ریزی‌ها و طراحی‌های هیدرولوژیکی است. عوامل مختلفی مانند تغییرات آب و هوایی، کاربری زمین و پوشش گیاهی و نیز سایر فعالیت‌های تحت تأاثیر انسان می‌تواند بر ویژگی‌های این سری تاثیرگذار باشد، بنابراین برآورد تغییرات در ویژگی‌های آن یک تحقیق کاربردی است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تغییرات در تابع توزیع احتمال تجربی (2EPDF) و تابع توزیع تجمعی تجربی (3ECDF) سری زمانی دبی اوج سالانه بر اساس یک رویکرد نوین است. برای این هدف از سه سری زمانی دبی اوج لحظه­ای سیلاب سالانه در ایستگاه­های هیدرومتری ارازکوسه، لزوره و تمر با طول دوره آماری 43 سال در استان گلستان استفاده شد. نتایج نشان ‌داد تغییرات برآورد شده در سری‌های مورد بررسی در کوانتایل­های بالایی روی داده است. همچنین مشخص است الگوی تغییرات نمودارهای EPDF و ECDF در طول دوره در سری‌های مورد بررسی متفاوت می‌باشد. نمودار ECDF انتهای دوره در ارازکوسه نسبت به ابتدای دوره تغییرات خاصی را نشان نمی‌دهد در حالی­که به ترتیب سری‌های تمر و لزوره تغییرات زیادی را درECDF  در سطوح بالای مقادیر دبی اوج سیلاب نشان می‌دهند. مقایسه EPDF های ابتدا و انتهای دوره نیز نشان می‌دهد دامنه این منحنی در سری ارازکوسه نسبتا ثابت اما در سری لزوره و تمر به طور محسوس افزایش یافته است. همچنین مقدار مد EPDF در هر سه سری در انتهای دوره نسبت به ابتدای دوره افزایش نشان می‌دهد. مقدار احتمال متناظر با دبی مد در سری ارازکوسه تغییرات محدود داشته در حالی­که در دو سری دیگر شاهد افزایش قابل توجه بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of Changes in Empirical Probability and Cumulative Distribution Function of Annual Maximum Instantaneous Flood Peak Discharge

نویسنده [English]

  • Meysam Salarijazi
Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources., Gorgan., Iran
چکیده [English]

Annual maximum discharge time series is a very important series for hydrological planning and design. Various factors such as changes in climate, land use and land cover as well as other human affected activities can affect the characteristics of this series, therefore estimation of changes of its characteristics is an applied research. The objective of this study is evaluation of changes in empirical probability distribution function (EPDF) and the empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF) of annual maximum discharge time series on the basis of a novel approach. For this purpose, three annual maximum instantaneous flood peak discharge time series belonging to Araz-Kouseh, Lazoureh and Tamer hydrometry stations with 43 years recorded data located in Golestan province are used. The results indicate that estimated changes in the studied series occurred in upper quantiles. It is clear the changes pattern of EPDF and ECDF curves were different during their periods. The Araz-Kouseh ECDF curve of last year did not show certain change in comparison with its first year curve while Tamer and Lazoureh series show a lot of changes in upper level of maximum discharge respectively. Comparison of first and last years EPDF curves show the domains of Araz-Kouseh EPDF curves are relatively constant but they experienced significant increase in Tamer and Lazoureh series. In addition the last year EPDF modes increase relative to the corresponding values in first year EPDF in all of three series. The probability values corresponding to the modes had limited changes for Araz-Kouseh series while experienced considerable increase for other two series.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Distributional Changes
  • Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function (ECDF)
  • Empirical Probability Distribution Function (EPDF)
  • Flood Peak Discharge
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