بررسی خروجی مدلهای پیشبینی عددی تحت سناریوی RCP4.5 درپیشبینی خشکسالیهای هواشناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری هواشناسی کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آب- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

5 استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

تغییرات اقلیمی بوجودآمده تکرار و تناوب وقوع خشک­سالی­ها در جهان را دست­خوش تغییرات معنی­داری کرده­است که منابع آبی و کشاورزی کشور ما ایران نیز از گزند این تغییرات در امان نبوده­است. در این مطالعه به دلیل اهمیت حوضه­ی آبریز کشف­رود در شمال­شرق ایران، به بررسی خشک‌سالی‌های هواشناسی این منطقه در طی سه دهه­ی آتی (1406-1397)، (1416-1407) و (1426-1417) پرداخته شد. از آن­جایی که یکی از پرکاربردترین شاخص­های خشک­سالی­ هواشناسی شاخص بارش استاندارشده (SPI) است، دراین پژوهش، شاخص SPI مورد محاسبه قرارگرفت. بهره‌گیری از مدل­های پیش­بینی عددی و استفاده از روش ریزمقیاس دینامیکی، دقیق­ترین و معتبرترین راه جهت تولید داده­های جوی برای انجام پیش‌بینی­های اقلیمی است. درتحقیق حاضر از خروجی بارش مدل EC-EARTH تحت سناریوی RCP4.5 استفاده­شد. با در نظر گرفتن قدرت تفکیک مکانی خروجی­های مدل، کل حوضه­ی کشف­رود به 6 پیکسل 44/0 در 44/0 درجه تقسیم شد و ارزیابی مقادیر بر روی هر پیکسل مورد محاسبه قرارگرفت. هم­چنین، تعداد ماه­های خشک و بسیارخشک به­طور متوسط در کل حوضه محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان دادکه مدل مذکور در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد با ضریب همبستگی به­طور متوسط 64 درصد در پیش­بینی مقادیر بارش، توانمند است. تحلیل نتایج بدست آمده در سه دهه­ی آتی نسبت به دوره­ی پایه (1395-1366) نشان داد که تعداد وقوع خشک­سالی­ها افزایش، اما به­طور متوسط شدت خشک­سالی­های آینده کاسته خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Output of Numerical Prediction Models under RCP4.5 Scenario for Forecasting Meteorological Droughts

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Salehnia 1
  • Amin Alizadeh 2
  • Seyed Hossein Sanaei Nejad 3
  • Mohammad Bannayan 4
  • Azar Zarrin 5
1 Ph.D. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3 Professor, Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
4 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

Climate change increases the repetition and frequency of droughts and this event has undergone significant changes. Water resources and agriculture in Iran has not been spared from the harm of these changes. In this study, because of the importance of Kashafrood basin in the North-East of Iran, the meteorological droughts in the region over the next three years (2027-2018), (2037-2028) and (2047-2038) will be discussed. Since the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is one of the most useful indices of drought, this index was calculated in this study. Numerical calculations and dynamic models are the most accurate sources for prediction of meteorological variables. In this research, the precipitation outputs of the EC-EARTH model under the RCP4.5 scenario that has been downscaled with RCA4 dynamic model were used. According to the resolution of the RCA4 dynamical model, the Kashafrood basin was divided into 6 pixels (0.44 at 0.44 degrees) and then assessment values were determined on each pixel. The results showed that the EC-EARTH model is competent in the prediction of precipitation at a confidence level of 99% with a correlation coefficient averaged 64%. The average number of dry and very dry months was calculated on the whole basin. Analysis of the results in the next three years compared to the observation period (2016-1987) showed that the number of droughts will increase, but the severity of future droughts will be reduced.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CORDEX project
  • Dynamical downscaling
  • Index of agreement
  • MENA Region
  • RCP4.5 scenario
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