بررسی شاخص های زیست محیطی ردپای آب و تخلیه منابع در سناریوهای مختلف کشت برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

بخش کشاورزی بزرگترین مصرف کننده آب در جهان بوده و نقش این ماده حیاتی در ایجاد یا عدم ایجاد مخاطرات زیست محیطی انکارناپذیر است. در این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی شاخص‌های زیست محیطی مرتبط با مصرف آب (پتانسیل آسیب بر سلامتی بشر، کیفیت اکوسیستم، منابع زیست محیطی و شاخص تخریب منابع آبی) و تخلیه منابع (فسیلی، فسفات، پتاس و آب) در سیستم‌های مختلف کشت برنج (سه سناریو مختلف، سناریو اول:کشت اول-کشت رتون، سناریو دوم: کشت اول-کشت دوباره برنج و سناریو سوم: کشت کلزا-کشت برنج) و دو سیستم کشت (مکانیزه و مرسوم) بر اساس ارزیابی چرخه حیات مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج بدست آمده از شاخص‌های زیست محیطی بر اثر مصرف آب نشان داد که بالاترین آسیب به سلامتی بشر، کیفیت اکوسیستم و منابع زیست محیطی به روش فیشر و همکاران به میزان 001052/0 (DALY)، 853/1630 (PAF*m2yr) و 54/10262 (MJ urplus)، شاخص تخریب آب شیرین در روش برگر به میزان 122/1382 (m3) و آسیب به سلامتی انسان به صورت پخشی و حاشیه‌ای به میزان 176743/0 و 65772/0(DALY) در سناریو دوم- کشت دوم (سامانه مرسوم) بدست آمد. همچنین بالاترین تخریب منابع فسیلی در سناریو دوم-کشت دوم (سامانه کشت مکانیزه) به میزان 061/3 و تخریب منابع پتاسیم و آبی در سناریو دوم-کشت دوم (سامانه کشت مرسوم) به ترتیب به میزان 04/0 و 31/0 و تخریب منابع فسفات در سناریو اول و دوم-کشت اول (سامانه کشت مرسوم) به میزان 6/0 بدست آمد. نتایج کلی شاخص‌های زیست محیطی نشان داد که کشت برنج در سناریو دوم-کشت دوم و در سناریو سوم (بعد از برداشت کلزا) آثار مخرب زیست محیطی بالایی از منظر ردپای آب و تخلیه منابع دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating of environmental indicators of water footprint and Depletion of resources in different scenario of rice cultivation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Motevali 1
  • Saleh Yasour 1
  • Milad Teymori Omran 1
  • seyed reza mousavi seyedi 2
1 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Department of Biosystem Mechanical Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

The agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water in the world and the role of this vital matter in creating or not creating environmental hazards is undeniable. In this study, environmental indicators of water footprint (potential of damage to human health, ecosystem quality, resources and depletion of water resources) and resource depletion (fossil, phosphate, potash and water resources) involved in paddy rice production were evaluated using the LCA method under three different cropping scenarios including rice-ratoon cultivation (RR), rice- secondary rice cultivation (RS) and rice- canola cultivation (RC) and two cultivation systems consisting mechanized and conventional practices. The results of environmental indicators of water use showed that the highest damage to human health, ecosystem quality and resources was obtained by Pfister et al. 0.001052 (DALY), 1630.853 (PAF * m2yr) and 10262.54 (MJ urplus), the index of fresh water degradation in the Berger et al method was 1382.122 (m3), and in Boulay et al method the damage to human health by distribution and margin of 0.176743 and 0.65772 (DALY) in the second scenario - second culture (Conventional system). Also the highest values of depletion of fossil resource value was 3.061 in second scenario- second cultivation (mechanized cultivation) and depletion of potassium and water resources were 0.04 and 0.31 in second scenario- second cultivation (conventional cultivation) and depletion of phosphate resource value was 0.6 in first and second scenario- first cultivation (conventional cultivation). Based on the results, the minimum and maximum resource depletion occurred under the RS and RR scenarios. The overall results indicated that rice cropping under the second scenario- second cultivation and in the third scenario (after canola harvesting) have destructive environmental effects from the point of view of water footprint and depletion of resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental parameters
  • Water footprint
  • Depletion of resources
  • Rice cultivation
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