پاسخ گیاه پسته به توزیع رطوبت و شوری در سامانه‌های آبیاری قطره‌ای سطحی و زیرسطحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه تبریز، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک

2 دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج- ایران

3 استاد گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

4 استادیار گروه علوم خاک دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

5 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

در این تحقیق، توزیع شوری و رطوبت حاصل از کاربرد آب شور در سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای سطحی (DI) و زیرسطحی (SDI) برای درختان پسته مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از پاسخ گیاهی جهت تعیین پارامترهای مورد نیاز برای مدل‏سازی HYDRUS استفاده شد. دو پارامتر h_m50 و 〖EC〗_50 معادل کاهش 50 درصد جذب آب ریشه به دلیل خشکی و شوری به ترتیب cm 8925 و dS/m 7/29 به‌دست آمد. مدل هایدروس توانست با دقت بالایی توزیع رطوبت و شوری را در ناحیه ریشه درختان پسته شبیه‌سازی نماید. نتایج نشان داد که کمترین میزان تجمع املاح در نزدیکی قطره‌چکان‌ها می‌باشد و با دور شدن از آن، شوری خاک افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین تعرق روزانه و جذب آب ریشه محاسبه شده توسط مدل با هدایت روزنه‌ای و جریان شیره آوندی همبستگی معنی‌داری را نشان داد. بر اساس نتایج هایدروس و اندازه‌گیری گیاهی، مشخص شد که جذب آب ریشه در SDI به طور معنی‌داری از DI بیشتر است که نشان می‌دهد SDI با کاهش تبخیر سطحی و توزیع مناسب رطوبت و شوری، باعث کاهش تنش رطوبتی می‌گردد. همچنین مشاهدات نشان داد که به علت کاهش رطوبت خاک، از روز پنجم آبیاری به بعد، جذب آب ریشه را با محدودیت مواجه می‌شود. لذا کوتاه‌تر کردن دور آبیاری برای جلوگیری از تنش رطوبتی ضروری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Pistachio response to water and salinity distribution in surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • ali ataee 1
  • Mehdi Akbari 2
  • Mohamad reza Neyshabouri 3
  • Davood Zarehagi 4
  • Ajdar Onnabi Milani 5
1 Department of soil science, College of agriculture, Tabriz University, Iran
2 Agricultural Engineering Research Institute(AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
4 Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5 Assistant Professor Soil and Water Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, soil water and salinity distribution in surface drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems with saline water were investigated. Plant measurements were used to obtain water stress response function parameters that are needed for HYDRUS-2D modeling. The h_m50 and EC_50 parameters that are the 50% reduction of water extraction due to pressure head and salinity, were calculated 8925 cm and 29.7 dS/m, respectively. HYDRUS successfully simulates soil water and salinity distribution in pistachio trees root zone. The results showed that in the immediate vicinity of the emitter, the soil salinity varies in a relatively low range and salt accumulation was observed far from the emitters. Also HYDRUS calculates daily transpiration and root water uptake that they were significantly correlated with stomatal conductance and sap flow. Plant measurements and HYDRUS results show that roots water uptake in SDI significantly was more than DI. Therefore, using SDI, by decreasing surface evaporation and conducting appropriate water and salt distribution in root zone reduce water and salinity stress. Furthermore, results revealed that soil moisture reduction after five days from irrigation, lead to limitation in root water uptake. so, it is necessary to decrease irrigation period from that applied in the field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • HYDRUS
  • Root water uptake
  • Transpiration
  • Water Stress Response Function

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نشریه آبیاری و زهکشی ایران
دوره 13، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 73
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398
صفحه 115-128

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