Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage

Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage

Interactive Effects of Irrigation Systems and Rice Planting Methods on Methane Emissions in Paddy Fields

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Lida Asadi 1
Mojtaba Khoshravesh 2
Mahmoud Raeini Sarjaz 3
Alireza Kiani 4
1 PhD Student of Irrigation and Drainage, Water Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 Associate Professor. Department of Water Engineering. Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
4 Professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran.
Abstract
Since flooded rice fields are considered one of the major sources of methane production in agriculture, optimizing water and planting practices can help to reduce the emission of this gas. This study aimed to investigate the interaction effects of different rice planting methods and irrigation systems on yield and methane emissions in paddy fields. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design with three replications during the years 2019 and 2020 in Gorgan County. Four irrigation treatments, including sprinkler irrigation, continuous flooding, intermittent flooding, and tape irrigation, were applied as the main factor, while three planting methods, including direct planting, transplanting in non-puddled soil, and transplanting in puddled soil, were considered as sub-factors. The effects of planting year, irrigation system, and planting method on grain yield were significant at the 1% probability level. The highest grain yield was observed in the transplanting method on puddled soil, with a yield of 7,506 kg/ha. Grain yields under intermittent flooding, tape, and sprinkler irrigation systems decreased by 6.46%, 15.6%, and 39.03%, respectively, compared to continuous flooding. Among the different planting methods, the highest methane emission was recorded in the transplanting method on puddled soil, with 2.73 mg/m². Methane emissions in the transplanting method on non-puddled soil and direct seeding were reduced by 10.08% and 24.65%, respectively, compared to the transplanting on puddled soil. The lowest methane emission was observed in the tape irrigation system, with 0.42 mg/m². Methane emissions under intermittent flooding were 39% lower than in continuous flooding. Overall, optimizing irrigation management and planting methods in rice fields can significantly reduce methane emissions, thereby contributing to mitigating the effects of climate change. Based on the present study, the most effective approach is drip tape irrigation combined with non-puddled transplanting.
Keywords
Direct planting
Greenhouse gas
Tape irrigation
Water management
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Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage
Volume 18, Issue 6 - Serial Number 109
January and February 2025
Pages 951-961