نشریه آبیاری و زهکشی ایران

نشریه آبیاری و زهکشی ایران

تأثیر تنش خشکی بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک ریشه، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و فیزیولوژیک ژنوتیپ‌های نخود در کشت سیلندری تحت شرایط گلخانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 دانشیار، گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.
3 استادیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی و به نژادی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.
چکیده
به‌منظور مقایسه جامع ژنوتیپ‌های کاندیدای متحمل به خشکی نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1399 و در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل شش ژنوتیپ (MCC696، MCC552، MCC537، MCC427، MCC352 و MCC80) و رقم شاهد (ثمین) به‌عنوان عامل اول و عامل دوم شدت تنش خشکی با دو سطح زمان قطع آبیاری در 20 روزگی و زمان قطع آبیاری در مرحله 50% گلدهی بود. مطالعات ریشه نشان داد در پروفیل اول و دوم بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه در تیمار زمان قطع آبیاری در زمان 50 درصد گلدهی و ژنوتیپ MCC352 گزارش شد و با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 30 و 31 درصد کاهش یافت. در پروفیل اول بیشترین مساحت ریشه به‌ترتیب در تیمار زمان قطع آبیاری پس از 20 روز کاشت و ژنوتیپ MCC696 گزارش شد و با کاهش تنش میزان مساحت ریشه به‌میزان 32 درصد کاهش یافت. در پروفیل دوم، بیشترین مساحت ریشه به‌ترتیب در تیمار زمان قطع آبیاری در زمان 50 درصد گلدهی و ژنوتیپ‌های MCC80 بدست آمد و با افزایش شدت تنش میزان مساحت ریشه به میزان 56 درصد کاهش یافت. بیشترین میزان فعالیت کاتالاز (659 unit.min-1 gfw) در تیمار زمان قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد گلدهی و ژنوتیپ MCC552 بدست آمد. از سوی دیگر، بیشترین میزان پرولین (20/3 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر)، کربوهیدارت محلول (911/0 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر) و آسکوربات پراکسیداز (2/26 unit.min-1 gfw) در تیمار زمان قطع آبیاری پس از 20 روز کاشت و در ژنوتیپ MCC552 بدست آمد. این نتایج نشان‌دهنده نقش تعیین‌کننده توأمان شدت تنش خشکی بعنوان یک عامل محیطی از یک سو و تفاوت‌های ژنتیکی در تحمل به خشکی در ژنوتیپ‌های نخود است که می تواند برای به‌نژادی این محصول برای تحمل به خشکی مهم باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Effects of Drought Stress on Root Morphological Traits, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Physiological Responses in Chickpea Genotypes as cylindrical culture under Greenhouse Conditions

نویسندگان English

Mehrdad Saeedian 1
Morteza Goldani 2
Mehdi Parsa 2
Saeedreza Vesal 3
1 PhD student at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده English

In order to conduct a comprehensive comparison of candidate drought-tolerant genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2020 at the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The experimental treatments included six genotypes (MCC696, MCC552, MCC537, MCC427, MCC352, and MCC80) along with a control cultivar (Samin) as the first factor, and drought stress intensity at two irrigation cut-off stages—20 days after sowing and at 50% flowering stage—as the second factor. Root profile studies indicated that in both the first and second soil profiles, the highest root dry weight was observed in the treatment with irrigation cut-off at 50% flowering and in genotype MCC352. With increasing drought stress intensity, root dry weight decreased by 30% and 31%, respectively. In the first soil profile, the greatest root surface area was recorded under the 20-day post-sowing irrigation cut-off and genotype MCC696, which showed a 32% reduction under higher drought stress. In the second profile, the highest root surface area was observed under irrigation cut-off at 50% flowering and in genotype MCC80, which declined by 56% under increased drought stress. The highest catalase activity (659 unit·min⁻¹·g⁻¹ fresh weight) was recorded under irrigation cut-off at 50% flowering and in genotype MCC552. On the other hand, the highest levels of proline (20.3 mg·g⁻¹ fresh weight), soluble carbohydrates (0.911 mg·g⁻¹ fresh weight), and ascorbate peroxidase (26.2 unit·min⁻¹·g⁻¹ fresh weight) were observed under irrigation cut-off 20 days after sowing and in genotype MCC552. These findings highlight the pivotal role of both drought stress intensity as an environmental factor and genetic variability in drought tolerance among chickpea genotypes, which can be crucial for breeding programs aimed at enhancing drought tolerance in this crop.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ascorbate peroxidase
Catalase
Proline
Soluble carbohydrates
Soil profile
 
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