Due to the quantitative and qualitative limitations of water resources in Iran, measuring and analyzing water productivity indexes in the agricultural sector has particular importance. This study aimed to analyze the spatial analysis of the physical and economic water productivity for three major crops—wheat, barley, and cotton—in Sabzevar Plain. To evaluate agricultural water productivity, three indices were used: crop yield per unit of irrigation water, gross income per unit of irrigation water, and net income per unit of irrigation water, calculated for the 2015–2016 cropping season. Results showed that the highest and lowest physical water productivity were observed for barley and cotton, with values of 1.28 and 0.35 kg m⁻³, respectively. The highest gross and net water productivity were obtained for wheat, at 15.04 × 10³ and 9.15 × 10³ Rial m⁻³, respectively. The average net income per unit of irrigation water for wheat, barley, and cotton was 5,740, 3,130, and 3,340 Rial m⁻³, respectively. Based on the results, it is recommended that policymakers prioritize wheat cultivation in the northern, central, and southern regions of the Sabzevar Plain, barley in the western region, and cotton in the eastern region.