The agricultural sector accounts for a large portion of the water and energy consumptionو in Iran, So any reduction in water and energy consumption in this sector can play an important role in increasing productivity in the country. In this study, the volume of irrigation water, yield, productivity of water as well as energy consumption for alfalfa irrigated in surface and sprinkler irrigation methods under farmer’s management were recorded and analyzed. The measurements were made over 2019-2020 on 20 fields across Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Based on the results, the average volume of irrigation water for surface and sprinkler irrigation methods were 10442 and 8552 m3/ha, respectively, and water productivity was 1.26 and 1.70 kg/ m3.Their difference was significant at the five percent probability level. By shifting the irrigation method from surface to sprinkler, the volume of irrigation water decreased by about 18% and the irrigation water productivity of alfalfa fields increased by 35%. The results of energy indicators showed that the amount of irrigation energy in sprinkler and surface irrigation methods was 76332 and 53739 MJha-1, there was a significant difference. However, the net energy, energy ratio and energy productivity indices in the two mentioned systems did not show any significant difference. The energy productivity in surface and sprinkler irrigation methods was 0.14 kg/MJ and the energy ratio was 2.45 and 2.44, respectively and indicating that alfalfa production is highly energy efficient. According to the results of this study and water scarcity in Iran,, sprinkler irrigation method for alfalfa fields are recommended to increase alfalfa water productivity, with taking into account the stability of salts in the soil and observing the technical conditions of the system.