Farmers’ adaptation to water scarcity is of vital importance, because their ability to manage water resources and adopt resilient agricultural practices directly affects food security and the sustainability of household livelihoods. In addition, increasing adaptation capacity reduces production risk and strengthens the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change. In line with this, the present study was conducted with the general aim of investigating the effect of demographic, economic and institutional factors, climatic and social factors on the use of adaptation strategies in water scarcity conditions. The statistical population of the study included all farmers in Dezful County. The sample size was 412 people selected using the Krejci and Morgan table with stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The main data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results showed that the variables of age, education, agricultural experience, household size, farm size (land), access to credit, membership in organizations, and access to climate information have a significant effect on the use of adaptation strategies. In other words, the research variables were able to explain 60.5 percent of the use of adaptation strategies. In general, the results of this study can provide the basis for the use of adaptation strategies in the direction of sustainable production in the agricultural sector.