A study was conducted during 2019- 2020 and 2020- 2021 crop seasons to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and methanol foliar application on yield and some qualitative traits of saffron under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The experiment was carried out in Dilman region, Gilan province, using a split–split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor consisted of irrigation regime at two levels (full irrigation and rainfed conditions). The first sub-factor was nitrogen fertilizer from ammonium sulfate source at four levels (control, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha⁻¹), and the second sub-factor was methanol foliar application at three levels (control, 5% and 10% concentrations). The findings showed that irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer application, and methanol foliar spraying significantly increased both quantitative and qualitative yield compared with rainfed conditions, no fertilizer application, and no foliar spraying. Based on the results, the highest values of lateral root length (7.5 cm), number of sprouted plants (96 plants), stem length (4.6 cm), stem diameter (4.8 mm), stigma dry weight (10.5 kg), style dry weight (2.2 kg), acid-insoluble ash (0.9) and water use efficiency were (3.7 kg.m-3 ) obtained under irrigation combined with 90 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen and methanol foliar spraying.. Rainfed conditions along with no nitrogen application and no methanol foliar spraying resulted in the lowest values, with reductions of approximately 80%, 29%, 34%, 40%, 50%, 50%, and 28% in lateral root length, number of sprouted plants, stem length and diameter, stigma dry weight, style dry weight, and acid-insoluble ash, respectively. Overall, saffron cultivation in northern Iran appears to require proper agronomic management, including irrigation and fertilization. Irrigation during October and November, along with the application of 90 kg ha⁻¹ nitrogen fertilizer and methanol foliar spraying, is recommended to achieve optimal yield.