تأثیر کمیت و کیفیت آب آبیاری بر خصوصیات کمی گیاه دارویی رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران

3 استادیار، عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی بلوچستان

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر توأم کمیت و کیفیت آب آبیاری بر خصوصیات کمی گیاه داوریی رزماری، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در ایستگاه تولید نهال و بذر شهرداری ایران‌شهر در سال زراعی 1396 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد مطالعه شامل چهار سطح آبیاری (100=1I، 85=2I، 70=3I و 55=4I درصد جبران کمبود رطوبت خاک) به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و سه کیفیت آب (آب چاه =1Q، فاضلاب تصفیه شده =2Q و آبیاری تلفیقی (50 درصد آب چاه و 50 درصد فاضلاب تصفیه شده)=3Q) به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه زایا، وزن خشک اندام رویشی و بهره‌وری آب حاصله در آبیاری با فاضلاب تصفیه شده نسبت به آبیاری با آب چاه افزایش به‌ترتیب 6/18، 3/19، 2/13 و 3/13 درصدی و نسبت به آبیاری تلفیقی افزایش به‌ترتیب 4/5، 9/5، 1/4 و 8/3 درصدی داشت. همچنین صرفه‌جویی 348 متر مکعبی آب سطح تأمین 85 درصد نسبت به 100 جبران کمبود رطوبت خاک در حالی تنها باعث کاهش 1/7، 9/6 و 6/4 درصدی به‌ترتیب در شاخص‌های ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه زایا و وزن خشک اندام رویشی شد، که افزایش 3/11 درصدی بهره‌وری آب را به‌دنبال داشت. لذا با در نظر گرفتن مسائل مربوط به کمبود آب، می‌توان سطح تأمین 85 درصد کمبود رطوبت خاک با فاضلاب تصفیه شده، را به‌عنوان تیمار برتر و راهکار مناسب برای مقابله با بحران آب و افزایش بهره‌وری آب، جهت حرکت به سمت یک سامانه کشاورزی پایدار توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Quantity and Quality of Irrigation on Quantitative Traits of Rosmarinus Officinalis L.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asa Rigi Karvandri 1
  • Ahmad Mehraban 2
  • HamidReza Ganjali 2
  • Khaled Miri 3
  • HamidReza Mobser 2
1 PhD student, Department of Agronomy, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Member of Balochistan Agriculture Research Center
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the quantity and quality of irrigation on quantitative traits of Rosmarinus Officinalis L., an experiment was conducted in center of seed and plant production of IranShahr municipality in 2017. The treatments were laid out in single-split strip plots based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The treatments were comprised of irrigation regimes consisted of four irrigation levels (100, 85, 70 and 55 percent water replacement) in main plot and sub plot consisted of three water quality (groundwater, wastewater and integrated irrigation (50 percent with groundwater and 50 percent with wastewater)). Results showed that dry weight, number of shoots, plant height and water productivity in irrigation with wastewater increased 13.2, 19.3, 18.6 and 13.3 percent respectively and irrigation with integrated irrigation increased 4.1, 5.9, 5.4 and 3.8 percent respectively compared with irrigation with well water. Also in comparison to 100 and 85 percent water replacement, parsimony of water usage equal 348 m3 (15 percent) achieved. Moreover dry weight, number of shoots and plant height decreased 4.6, 6.9 and 7.1 percent respectively but water use efficiency increased 11.3 percent. According to the results, 85 percent water replacement with wastewater, in addition to saving water consumption, provides better use of soil moisture and sunlight. Thus this treatment can be considered as suitable approach to cope with the water crisis and achieve a sustainable agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deficit Irrigation
  • Drip Irrigation
  • Integrated Irrigation
  • Wastewater
  • Water Productivity
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